Когда дело доходит до 3D printing dental components—from temporary teeth to permanent prosthetics—the choice of plastic materials for 3D printing teeth directly impacts patient comfort, долговечность, and safety. Not all plastics are suitable: some lack biocompatibility, others can’t withstand daily chewing forces, and many fail to mimic the natural appearance of real teeth. В этой статье разбивается 5 most common plastic materials, их ключевые свойства, Идеальное использование, and how to select the right one for specific dental needs.
1. А 5 Core Plastic Materials for 3D Printing Teeth: Характеристики & Использование
Each plastic material has unique strengths tailored to different dental applications. Below is a detailed breakdown using a “Общая структура баллов”—first an overview, then material-specific details with “具体数字 / 场景化” примеры.
| Тип материала | Ключевые свойства | Ideal Dental Applications | Real-World Performance Example |
| Light-Curable Resin | – Точность: ± 0,05 мм Точность, perfect for matching tooth contours. – Эстетика: Can replicate natural tooth color (shades A1–D4) and translucency; colorants can be added for custom matching. – Механическая прочность: Compressive strength of 80–120 MPa, flexural strength of 50–70 MPa (meets daily chewing needs). | Permanent prosthetics (НАПРИМЕР., короны, мосты), виниры, and custom dental models. | A patient with a chipped front tooth receives a 3D-printed light-curable resin veneer. The veneer matches the adjacent tooth’s color (shade B2) and shape so closely that even a dentist can’t distinguish it from natural enamel. После 2 годы использования, it shows no signs of cracking or discoloration. |
| Термопластики (ПК, АБС) | – Долговечность: PC has a thermal deformation temperature of 135–145°C (resists hot drinks) and impact strength of 60–80 kJ/m². – Экономическая эффективность: 30–50% cheaper than light-curable resin. – Ease of Processing: Работает с принтерами FDM; can be trimmed or polished post-printing. | Temporary teeth (for patients waiting for permanent crowns), orthodontic retainers, and dental splints. | A patient undergoing root canal treatment wears a temporary ABS tooth. Над 3 месяцы, it withstands daily use (chewing bread, pasta) не сломавшись. When the permanent crown is ready, the ABS tooth is easily removed and recycled. |
| Биосовместимая смола | – Безопасность: Встречает ISO 10993-1 стандарты (Нет токсичного выщелачивания, Нет аллергических реакций). – Tissue Compatibility: Can be in direct contact with gums or bone for 6+ месяцы. – Стерилизация: Withstands autoclaving (121° C., 15 пса) for dental tool disinfection. | Implant surgical guides, orthodontic aligner trays, denture bases (worn long-term in the mouth). | A dentist uses a 3D-printed biocompatible resin surgical guide to place a dental implant. The guide fits the patient’s gum line perfectly, ensuring the implant is positioned at a 30° angle (optimal for bite function). The patient experiences no inflammation or discomfort, as the resin doesn’t irritate gum tissue. |
| Силиконовая резина | – Softness: Shore A hardness of 20–40 (mimics gum tissue’s texture). – Эластичность: Can stretch 200–300% without tearing; rebounds to original shape. – Bite Force Cushioning: Absorbs 30–40% of bite pressure (reduces jaw pain). | Gum models (for training dentists), occlusal pads (for patients with bruxism), and temporary gum protectors. | A patient with bruxism (teeth grinding) uses a silicone rubber occlusal pad. The pad is worn at night, cushioning the 500–800 N bite force (normal bite force is 200–300 N) and preventing enamel wear. После 6 месяцы, the pad shows minimal degradation and still fits snugly. |
| Полиэфирный эфирный кетон (Заглядывать) | – Высокая сила: Compressive strength of 120–140 MPa (stronger than many metals). – Долгосрочная долговечность: Resists wear and degradation for 10+ годы. – Биосовместимость: Approved for long-term implantation in the human body. | Permanent dental implants (НАПРИМЕР., абатменты), partial denture frameworks, and pediatric dental appliances (for growing mouths). | A 70-year-old patient receives a PEEK partial denture framework. The framework is lightweight (50% lighter than metal) and strong enough to support 3 artificial teeth. После 5 годы, it shows no corrosion or weakening, and the patient reports no discomfort during eating. |
2. How to Select the Right Plastic Material: A 4-Step Decision Guide
Choosing the wrong material can lead to failed dental components (НАПРИМЕР., a temporary tooth that breaks in 2 недели) or patient harm (НАПРИМЕР., an allergic reaction to non-biocompatible resin). Follow this “linear 叙述” workflow to make the right choice:
Шаг 1: Define the Component’s Purpose & Продолжительность жизни
Просить: Will this component be temporary (used for weeks/months) or permanent (used for years)?
- Temporary (НАПРИМЕР., temporary teeth, 1–3 months use): Prioritize cost and ease of replacement—choose АБС or low-cost light-curable resin.
- Постоянный (НАПРИМЕР., короны, 5+ years use): Prioritize durability and biocompatibility—choose high-grade light-curable resin или Заглядывать.
Шаг 2: Evaluate Mechanical & Эстетические потребности
- Mechanical Needs: If the component must withstand chewing (НАПРИМЕР., короны, зубные протезы), check its compressive strength (минимум 80 МПА) и flexural strength (минимум 50 МПА). Avoid soft materials like silicone rubber for load-bearing parts.
- Эстетические потребности: For visible components (НАПРИМЕР., front teeth veneers), выбирать light-curable resin (can match natural tooth color and translucency). For hidden components (НАПРИМЕР., implant abutments under gums), PEEK or biocompatible resin is sufficient (aesthetics don’t matter).
Шаг 3: Confirm Biocompatibility & Безопасность
- For components that touch gums, bone, or saliva (НАПРИМЕР., denture bases, Хирургические гиды), ensure the material meets Iso 10993-1 (Биологическая оценка медицинских устройств) или FDA Class I/II стандарты. Never use non-biocompatible plastics (НАПРИМЕР., standard ABS for toys) in dental applications—they can leach toxic chemicals.
Шаг 4: Match the Material to Your 3D Printing Technology
Не все материалы работают со всеми принтерами. Используйте этот быстрый контрольный список:
- FDM принтеры: Работает с термопластами. (ПК, АБС, Заглядывать) и некоторые твердые смолы.
- Принтеры SLA/DLP: Идеально подходит для светоотверждаемых и биосовместимых смол. (производит более мелкие детали).
- Силиконовые 3D-принтеры: Требуется для силиконовой резины. (стандартные принтеры FDM/SLA не могут печатать мягкий силикон).
3. Yigu Technology’s Perspective on Plastic Materials for 3D Printing Teeth
В Yigu Technology, Мы сотрудничали 200+ стоматологические клиники оптимизируют рабочие процессы 3D-печати компонентов зубов. Мы нашли это 70% Сбоев в стоматологической 3D-печати происходят из-за неподходящих материалов и применений-Например., использование низкопрочной пластмассы для постоянной коронки. Чтобы решить эту проблему, мы предлагаем два решения: 1) А dental material selection tool that recommends materials based on component type (НАПРИМЕР., “temporary tooth” → ABS) and patient needs (НАПРИМЕР., “allergic to resin” → PEEK); 2) Customized biocompatible resin blends (НАПРИМЕР., a resin with 10% higher flexural strength for posterior crowns). For dentists, choosing the right plastic isn’t just about specs—it’s about delivering safe, long-lasting solutions that improve patients’ quality of life.
Часто задаваемые вопросы: Common Questions About Plastic Materials for 3D Printing Teeth
- Q.: Can I use standard 3D printing PLA for temporary teeth?
А: Нет. PLA has low biocompatibility (may cause gum irritation) and poor mechanical strength (compressive strength of only 40–60 MPa)—it will break easily during chewing. Use medical-grade ABS or biocompatible resin instead.
- Q.: How long does a 3D-printed light-curable resin crown last compared to a traditional porcelain crown?
А: A high-quality light-curable resin crown lasts 5–7 years, while a traditional porcelain crown lasts 10–15 years. Однако, resin crowns are cheaper (30–40% lower cost) and faster to produce (1–2 hours vs. 1–2 weeks for porcelain), making them ideal for patients on a budget or in need of quick replacements.
- Q.: Is silicone rubber safe for long-term use in the mouth (НАПРИМЕР., wearing an occlusal pad every night)?
А: Да, if it’s medical-grade silicone rubber (встречает ISO 10993-1 стандарты). Medical-grade silicone doesn’t leach toxins, resist bacterial growth, and can be cleaned easily with dental hygiene products. Avoid industrial-grade silicone— it may contain chemicals that irritate gum tissue over time.