ФДМ (Сплавленное формование) и Sla (Светоотверждаемое формование) два основных направления 3D Печать технологий, каждый из них адаптирован к конкретным потребностям проекта: один для экономичных функциональных деталей, другой для высокоточных, Подробные модели. Понимание их различий имеет решающее значение для выбора правильного процесса., делаете ли вы механические прототипы, медицинские модели, или отображать элементы. В этой статье разбивается основные различия между процессами печати FDM и SLA через 6 ключевые области, plus practical guidance on when to use each.
1. Core Difference: Принцип работы (Material Extrusion vs. Resin Curing)
The fundamental divide between FDM and SLA lies in how they build parts—a contrast that shapes every other aspect of their performance, from material options to surface quality.
| Процесс | Принцип работы | Как это работает | Simple Analogy |
| ФДМ (Сплавленное формование) | Термопластичная экструзия | Uses a heated nozzle to melt thermoplastic materials (НАПРИМЕР., Плата, АБС). The nozzle moves along a preset 3D model path, depositing molten material layer by layer on a build platform. The material cools and solidifies quickly to form the final part. | Squeezing toothpaste from a tube: The heated nozzle acts like a toothpaste tube, extruding material in controlled lines to build a shape layer by layer. |
| СЛА (Светоотверждаемое формование) | UV Light Resin Curing | Uses a UV laser or light source to cure liquid photosensitive resin. The light source precisely targets and hardens specific areas of the resin surface according to slice data. The build platform gradually lifts to create space for the next layer, repeating until the part is complete. | Hardening gel with sunlight: The liquid resin is like UV-sensitive gel, which solidifies into a solid shape when exposed to targeted UV light. |
2. Сравнение бок о бок: FDM VS. SLA Printing Processes
To quickly evaluate which process fits your needs, use this comprehensive table comparing their materials, точность, расходы, и еще.
| Категория сравнения | ФДМ (Сплавленное формование) | СЛА (Светоотверждаемое формование) | Ключевой вынос |
| Свойства материала | – Типы: Supports a wide range of thermoplastics (Плата, АБС, Петг, ТПУ) and mixed materials (carbon fiber-filled, wood-filled).- Расходы: Low consumable cost (о \(12- )15/кг).- Механическая прочность: Высокая сила; suitable for functional parts, but anisotropic (weak interlayer bonding). | – Типы: Limited to photosensitive resins (стандартный, высокотемпературная, биосовместимый); few color options.- Расходы: High resin cost (о \(75- )120/liter); frequent replacement of consumables (LCD screens, resin tanks) adds expense.- Механическая прочность: Хрупкий (ordinary resin); not ideal for mechanical stress, but engineering-grade resin improves durability. | FDM offers diverse, low-cost materials; SLA uses specialized resins for precision, не сила. |
| Точность & Качество поверхности | – Точность: Layer thickness ranges from 0.05–0.3mm, limited by nozzle size and movement precision. Tolerances are relatively loose (± 0,1–0,3 мм).- Качество поверхности: Obvious layer lines; rough surface needs sanding or chemical polishing to improve. Complex details (тонкие стены, острые края) often blur. | – Точность: Layer thickness as low as 0.02–0.05mm; laser/projection resolution reaches micron level. Допуски плотные (± 0,025 мм).- Качество поверхности: Гладкий, delicate finish (close to injection-molded parts); no additional sanding needed. Complex details and small features are clearly preserved. | SLA delivers industrial-grade precision and surface quality; FDM prioritizes functionality over finesse. |
| Оборудование & Operating Costs | – Equipment Price: Entry-level models cost as low as \(150- )300; industrial-grade equipment is moderately priced (\(5,000- )50,000). Легко поддерживать. – Operating Costs: Low replacement costs for consumables (нити, сопла); no extra tools required for basic use. | – Equipment Price: Desktop models cost \(1,000- )5,000; industrial-grade equipment is expensive (\(20,000- )1,000,000+). Light sources and LCD screens wear out quickly. – Operating Costs: High additional expenses (смолы, isopropyl alcohol for cleaning, post-curing equipment); resin tanks need regular replacement. | FDM is budget-friendly for long-term use; SLA requires higher upfront and ongoing investment. |
| Скорость производства | – Скорость: Faster for large, Простые части. A 10cm cubic PLA part takes 2–4 hours. – Ограничение: Speed decreases with complex geometries (due to frequent nozzle movement changes). | – Скорость: Slower for most parts. A 10cm cubic resin part takes 3–6 hours (due to precise light targeting). – Ограничение: Speed is less affected by complexity but tied to layer count (more layers = longer time). | FDM is faster for large, Простые функциональные части; SLA is slower but consistent for detailed models. |
| Post-Treatment Requirements | – Шаги: Manual removal of support structures; шлифование, filing, or chemical polishing to smooth layer lines. Process is simple but time-consuming. – Безопасность: No toxic materials; no special protective gear needed (except when handling ABS, which emits mild fumes). | – Шаги: Rinse with isopropyl alcohol to remove residual resin; post-UV curing to enhance part strength. Must wear protective gloves to avoid skin contact with resin. – Waste Disposal: Need to handle waste resin and cleaning liquid carefully to ensure environmental protection. | FDM post-treatment is labor-intensive but safe; SLA post-treatment is more technical and requires safety precautions. |
| Сценарии приложения | – Идеальное использование: Функциональные прототипы (механические компоненты), образовательные модели, large-size parts (auto parts), low-cost low-volume production. – Преимущества: Diverse materials, прочные детали, suitable for outdoor or high-durability needs. | – Идеальное использование: High-precision models (зубные короны, ювелирные изделия), Медицинские имплантаты, сложная геометрия (intricate sculptures), transparent or dense components. – Преимущества: Превосходное качество поверхности, isotropy (consistent strength in all directions), suitable for display or mold making with strict detail requirements. | FDM serves functional, Проекты чувствительных к стоимости; SLA dominates precision and detail-focused applications. |
3. When to Choose FDM vs. SLA Printing Process? (Пошаговое руководство)
Use this linear, question-driven process to align the process with your project goals:
Шаг 1: Define Budget & Cost Priorities
- Tight budget or low-cost needs: Выбирать ФДМ. Например, Если вам нужно 50 PLA mechanical prototypes, FDM’s low filament cost (\(12- )15/кг) keeps total expenses down.
- Willing to invest in precision: Выбирать СЛА. Например, dental models requiring ±0.025mm tolerance justify SLA’s higher resin and equipment costs.
Шаг 2: Evaluate Part Function & Strength Needs
- Functional parts or mechanical components: Использовать ФДМ. Its thermoplastics (НАПРИМЕР., АБС, Петг) have high strength, making them suitable for parts that need to withstand stress (НАПРИМЕР., робот оружие, ручки инструмента).
- Non-functional display models or precision parts: Использовать СЛА. Its smooth finish and detail preservation work for items like jewelry prototypes or medical teaching models.
Шаг 3: Consider Timeline & Post-Treatment Effort
- Fast turnaround or minimal post-treatment time: Выберите СЛА if precision is key (Никакого шлифования не требуется). Выбирать ФДМ if you can accept sanding to save cost (FDM prints faster for large parts).
- Complex details or tight tolerances: Расставить приоритеты СЛА (НАПРИМЕР., small thin walls <0.5мм). Для простых форм (НАПРИМЕР., large storage bins), ФДМ is more efficient.
4. Yigu Technology’s Perspective on FDM vs. SLA Printing Processes
В Yigu Technology, we see FDM and SLA as complementary, not competitive. Many clients mistakenly choose SLA for functional parts (wasting money on brittle resin) or FDM for high-precision models (compromising detail). We recommend combining both: Использовать СЛА for initial prototyping (to validate design details and surface quality) и ФДМ for functional testing or mass production (to leverage durable, недорогие термопластики). For clients with mixed needs (НАПРИМЕР., a part needing both detail and strength), we also offer hybrid solutions—using SLA for detailed components and FDM for structural parts, then assembling them. This approach balances precision, расходы, и функциональность, ensuring every project meets its goals without unnecessary trade-offs.
Часто задаваемые вопросы: Common Questions About FDM and SLA Printing Processes
- Q.: Can FDM produce parts with the same surface quality as SLA?
А: Нет. Even with extensive post-processing (шлифование, полировка), FDM parts still have subtle layer lines. SLA’s resin curing process creates a naturally smooth surface that FDM cannot match—making SLA better for display or precision-critical parts.
- Q.: Is SLA resin safe to use, especially for medical or food-contact parts?
А: Ordinary SLA resin is not safe for food contact (it may leach chemicals). Однако, biocompatible SLA resin (FDA одобрено) is suitable for medical parts (НАПРИМЕР., стоматологические модели, временные имплантаты). Always check resin specifications—never use standard resin for food or medical applications.
- Q.: Which process is better for large-size parts (НАПРИМЕР., 50cm+ auto components)?
А: FDM is better. SLA build platforms are typically smaller (most desktop models <30см), and large SLA parts require more resin (increasing cost) and longer curing times. FDM has larger build volumes and lower material costs, making it more practical for large-size functional parts.