Developing an electric oven prototype requires precise CNC machining to verify structural rationality, functional feasibility, and appearance texture—especially since its structure (кабинет, дверная панель, heating components) and functional needs differ from appliances like electric pressure cookers. This guide breaks down the full CNC machining workflow for electric oven prototypes, from preliminary design to post-processing, with key parameters, Материал выбор, and problem-solving tips.
1. Предварительная подготовка: Дизайн & Data Processing
Перед обработкой, thorough design and data optimization lay the foundation for accurate, эффективное производство. This stage focuses on 3D modeling and model splitting to align with CNC capabilities.
(1) 3D Моделирование с помощью программного обеспечения CAD
The 3D model must fully reflect the electric oven’s exterior structure, internal components, и характеристики процесса—every detail impacts machining accuracy and final functionality. Key elements to include:
| Категория структуры | Ключевые детали дизайна | Точные требования | Цель |
| Exterior Structure | Cabinet outline, дверная панель (glass viewing window + ручка), heat dissipation holes, control knobs/buttons | Cabinet diagonal error ≤0.3mm | Ensure sealing when closed; match aesthetic standards |
| Внутренняя структура | Grill brackets (слоты), heating tube mounting holes, thermostat mounting positions | Grill slot accuracy ±0.1mm; heating tube hole spacing tolerance ±0.2mm | Fit real components (НАПРИМЕР., heating tubes, thermostats) |
| Особенности процесса | Hinge mounting slots (дверная панель + кабинет), draft slope for heat dissipation holes | 0.3mm movable clearance for hinges; 3°~5° draft slope | Enable smooth door operation; simplify CNC machining |
(2) Model Repair & Hierarchical Splitting
Сложные структуры (НАПРИМЕР., multi-level grills, removable door panels) can’t be machined as a single piece—splitting them into individual components avoids tool interference and eases clamping.
Splitting Principles:
- Расставить приоритеты easy clamping: Split large parts (НАПРИМЕР., кабинет) into single-sided machinable sections to reduce setup time.
- Minimize tool interference: Machine deep cavity structures (НАПРИМЕР., internal grill slots) separately instead of trying to access them from the outside.
- Mark assembly datums: When exporting STL files, label reference points (НАПРИМЕР., cabinet bottom, door dowel holes) to ensure accurate reassembly later.
2. Выбор материала & Processing Process Planning
Choosing the right materials for each part is critical—they must balance machinability, функциональность, и стоимость. Below is a detailed breakdown of material options and their corresponding processes:
(1) Prototype Material Selection
Different components of the electric oven require materials with specific properties (НАПРИМЕР., теплостойкость, прозрачность):
| Тип материала | Applicable Parts | Machining Key Points | Поверхностная обработка |
| АБС | Cabinet body, control knobs | Easy to mill; Низкий износ инструмента | Spray matte oil (adhesion ≥4B standard) to simulate metal texture |
| Алюминиевый сплав | Heat dissipation hole panels, handle brackets | Requires high spindle speed (to avoid burrs); Используйте карбидные инструменты | Анодирование (silver-gray oxide film, 8–12μm thick) for anti-oxidation + wire drawing for uniform texture |
| Прозрачный акрил | Door panel observation window | Precision cutting; avoid chipping edges | Полировка (light transmittance ≥90%) to ensure clear visibility |
| Пома (Полиоксиметилен) | Hinge shaft sleeves, grill rails | Низкий коэффициент трения; Избегайте перегрева (prone to melting) | Никакого дополнительного лечения (naturally wear-resistant for sliding parts) |
(2) Core CNC Machining Processes
The machining process is tailored to each part’s shape and material. Below are the key process combinations and their purposes:
| Имя процесса | Сценарии приложения | Ключевые параметры & Советы |
| Сторонний фрезерование | Cabinet cavities (depth ≥50mm), heat dissipation hole arrays | Use long-shank tools for deep cavities (предотвратить вибрацию); use array programming for hole arrays (improve efficiency by 30–50%) |
| Бурение & Tapping | Hinge M3 threaded holes | Drill Φ2.5mm bottom holes first, then tap (avoids thread stripping) |
| Провод EDM | Special-shaped profiles (НАПРИМЕР., acrylic viewing window) | Achieves accuracy ±0.02mm (critical for transparent, visible parts) |
3. Key Implementation Details for CNC Machining
To ensure precision and avoid defects, focus on programming strategies, clamping methods, and parameter optimization—especially for challenging structures like deep cavities or thin walls.
(1) Программирование & Tool Strategy
Different features (НАПРИМЕР., полости, heat dissipation holes) require specific toolpaths to balance speed and accuracy:
Cavity Machining (НАПРИМЕР., Cabinet Internal Space)
- Rough machining: Использовать “contour height layered cutting” with a Φ12mm flat-bottom tool to quickly remove material. Leave 0.3mm finishing allowance to avoid overcutting.
- Отделка: Switch to a Φ6mm ball-head tool and use “wrap cutting” along the cavity surface. This ensures the inner wall is smooth (surface roughness Ra ≤1.6μm), critical for proper component fit.
Heat Dissipation Hole Processing
- Round array holes (Φ5mm): Использовать “клюющее бурение” (drill 2–3mm, retract to clear chips) to prevent tool breakage in deep holes.
- Special-shaped holes (НАПРИМЕР., long strips): Use a Φ3mm tool with a 0.8mm step “milled groove” path—this ensures clean edges without excessive tool wear.
(2) Методы зажима & Параметры обработки
Clamping directly affects part stability during machining, while parameters (Скорость шпинделя, скорость корма) impact surface quality and efficiency:
| Тип частично | Метод зажима | Скорость шпинделя (об/мин) | Скорость корма (мм/мин) | Глубина резки (мм) |
| Cabinet Body (АБС) | Flat pliers + platen | 10,000–15,000 | 1,200–2000 | 0.5–0.8 |
| Aluminum Alloy Panel | Vacuum suction cup (flat surface) | 18,000–22,000 | 800–1,500 | 0.2–0,5 |
| Прозрачный акрил | Double-sided tape fixing | 20,000–25,000 | 500–1,000 | 0.1–0,3 |
(3) Solving Common Machining Difficulties
Two major challenges in electric oven prototype machining are deep cavity vibration and thin-wall deformation—here’s how to address them:
| Difficulty | Причина | Решение |
| Deep Cavity Vibration (≥50mm depth) | Long tool overhang leads to instability | Use TiAlN-coated carbide tools (increase rigidity); reduce feed rate to 800mm/min; boost cutting fluid flow (cool tool and clear chips) |
| Thin-Wall Deformation (side wall ≤2mm) | Material is too fragile to withstand cutting forces | Усыновить “послойная резка + reinforcement”: Add temporary support ribs during machining, затем отфрезеруйте их после того, как деталь станет стабильной |
4. Пост-обработка & Функциональная проверка
После обработки, постобработка улучшает внешний вид и функциональность, в то время как функциональные тесты подтверждают, что прототип соответствует целям проектирования.
(1) Поверхностная обработка
Обработка поверхности улучшает как эстетику, так и производительность — адаптируйте процесс к назначению детали:
| Часть | Этапы обработки поверхности | Ожидаемый результат |
| Cabinet Body (АБС) | 1. Измельчить с помощью 600# наждачная бумага (удалить следы инструмента); 2. Спрей матовой черной краски; 3. Трафаретная печать логотипов панели управления (температурные шкалы, значки функций) | Адгезия краски ≥4B; точность логотипа ± 0,1 мм (прозрачный, выровнен) |
| Aluminum Alloy Panel | 1. Анодировать (образуют оксидную пленку серебристо-серого цвета толщиной 8–12 мкм.); 2. Ручная шлифовка по направлению волокон. (волочение проволоки) | Улучшенная износостойкость; uniform metal texture |
| Acrylic Viewing Window | Polishing with abrasive paste (step-by-step from coarse to fine) | Light transmittance ≥90%; Нет царапин |
(2) Сборка & Функциональное тестирование
Assembly ensures components work together, while tests validate key functions like heat insulation and temperature control:
Functional Assembly:
- Hinge installation: Ensure door opens/closes smoothly with a gap ≤0.5mm (prevents heat leakage).
- Grill fixing: Check that the grill slides along rails with resistance ≤5N; positioning slots fit tightly (no wobble).
Mock Tests:
- Heat insulation test: Simulate heating with a resistance wire (mimic heating tube). Ensure the distance between the cabinet shell and “heating tube” is ≥20mm; shell temperature rise ≤45°C (safe for users).
- Temperature control simulation: Adjust the control knob—verify that the stroke matches the “thermostat” (virtual element) scale with an error ≤5% (accurate temperature regulation).
5. Осмотр & Оптимизация затрат
Inspection ensures precision, while optimization reduces costs without sacrificing quality—critical for prototype development.
(1) Critical Dimension Inspection
Используйте координату измерительную машину (ШМ) to check key dimensions that impact functionality:
- Door panel diagonal error ≤0.3mm (sealing when closed).
- Heating tube mounting hole spacing ±0.15mm (matches real component sizes).
- Hinge slot clearance 0.3mm (smooth door operation).
(2) Расходы & Efficiency Optimization Tips
Three strategies to lower costs and speed up production:
- Disassemble for cost savings: Split the door into glass (acrylic cutting) and frame (ABS milling) instead of machining as one piece—cuts cost by 20–30%.
- Fast clamping with zero-point positioning: Use a zero-point system to reduce tool-setting time when changing parts; single clamping error ≤0.005mm (maintain accuracy).
- Hybrid processes for details: Combine CNC milling (for large structures) with SLA 3D printing (for small details like knob top grain)—faster than full CNC for intricate features.
Yigu Technology’s Perspective on Electric Oven Prototype CNC Machining
В Yigu Technology, Мы верим precision balancing and process optimization are key to efficient electric oven prototype machining. Many clients overcomplicate machining by treating all parts with the same precision—for example, using high-cost aluminum alloy for non-heat-related panels. Our team helps select materials strategically: ABS for cabinets (рентабельный, easy to finish) и алюминиевый сплав только для теплорассеивающих деталей (нужна долговечность). Мы также оптимизируем траектории движения инструмента — для глубоких полостей шкафа., наши инструменты с покрытием TiAlN и уменьшенная скорость подачи снижают вибрацию за счет 40%, в то время как наш “послойная резка + reinforcement” метод исключает тонкостенную деформацию. Кроме того, мы используем гибридный ЧПУ + 3D-печать для ускорения производства деталей за счет 25%. Наша цель — создавать прототипы, которые точно подтверждают цели проектирования, при минимально возможных затратах..
Часто задаваемые вопросы
- Почему для смотрового окошка электрической духовки используется акрил, а не стекло??
Акрил легче., Более устойчивый к воздействию, and easier to CNC-cut with high precision (light transmittance ≥90%) than glass—critical for prototypes where weight and machining flexibility matter. Glass is heavier, more fragile during machining, and harder to shape into custom sizes, making it impractical for prototype development.
- What’s the purpose of the 3°~5° draft slope on heat dissipation holes?
The draft slope simplifies CNC machining: it allows the tool to exit the hole cleanly without scraping the edges (reducing burrs). Without a draft slope, the tool would rub against the hole’s vertical walls, causing rough surfaces or tool wear—both of which increase rework time.
- How long does it take to CNC machine a full electric oven prototype?
For a single prototype, the total time is ~3–5 days: 1 day for design/data processing, 1–2 days for CNC machining (в зависимости от сложности частично), 0.5–1 day for post-processing, and 0.5–1 day for assembly/testing. Batch production (10+ прототипы) can be shortened to 2–3 days using multi-cavity tools and parallel processing.