Speed of Acrylic for CNC Machining: A Practical Guide to Avoid Errors & Повышение эффективности

polymethyl methacrylate pmma injection molding

Акрил (ПММА) is a popular material in Обработка с ЧПУ for its transparency and ease of shaping—but getting the speed of acrylic for CNC machining right is make-or-break. Too slow, and you waste time; too fast, and you risk tool breakage, плохая поверхность, or even melted acrylic. This guide breaks down how to set optimal speeds for different tools, fix common speed-related issues, and achieve consistent, Высококачественные результаты.

1. Key Factors That Determine CNC Acrylic Machining Speed

Before setting speeds, you need to understand the variables that influence performance. Игнорируйте это, and even “standard” speeds will fail:

ФакторHow It Affects SpeedПример воздействия
Тип инструмента & Tooth CountDrill bits vs. milling cutters have different speed limits; more teeth = more heat (needs slower speeds)A 6-tooth drill bit can’t handle 24,000 Rpm (like a 2-tooth one)—it’ll overheat and dull
Tool DiameterSmaller tools = higher max speed; larger tools = lower max speedA 3.175mm drill bit hits 24,000 Rpm, but a 10mm drill bit tops out at 15,000 Rpm
Acrylic ThicknessThicker acrylic = slower feed speed (Чтобы избежать трещин); thinner acrylic = faster feed speedMachining 10mm thick acrylic needs a feed speed of 50–80 mm/min; 3mm thick can use 100–120 mm/min
Производительность машиныLow-power machines (≤1.5kW) can’t reach high RPM; high-power machines (≥3kW) handle faster speedsA 1.5kW CNC router maxes out at 18,000 RPM for drills; a 3kW machine hits 24,000 Rpm

Почему это имеет значение? Using a 4-tooth drill bit at 24,000 Rpm (the speed for a 2-tooth one) creates excess friction—within 5 минуты, the tool will overheat, lose sharpness, and leave rough edges on the acrylic.

2. Optimal Speed Settings for Common CNC Tools

The right speed depends on whether you’re using a drill bit or a milling cutter. Below are tested, practical speed ranges (с примерами) Чтобы избежать ошибок:

2.1 Drill Bit Speed: By Tooth Count & Диаметр

Drill bits are for making holes—and their speed must match tooth count to prevent overheating. The table below is your go-to reference:

Drill Bit SpecsRPM RangeExample ScenarioRisk of Wrong Speed
2-tooth (twist drill), 3.175мм8,000–24,000 RPMНизкая скорость (8,000 Rpm): Thick acrylic (15мм); Высокоскоростной (24,000 Rpm): Thin acrylic (3мм)Too slow: Takes 2x longer; Too fast: Melts acrylic around the hole
4-tooth, any diameter6,000–15,000 RPMDrilling a 5mm hole in 8mm acrylic: 10,000 RpmНад 15,000 Rpm: Tool dulls in 10 отверстия (против. 50 holes at 10,000 Rpm)
6-tooth, any diameter5,000–12000 об / минDrilling a 8mm hole in 10mm acrylic: 8,000 RpmНад 12,000 Rpm: Tool may break mid-drill (due to heat stress)

Для чаевого: For 4-tooth or 6-tooth drill bits, start at the lower end of the RPM range and increase by 1,000 RPM if the cut is smooth (no melting or vibration).

2.2 Milling Cutter Speed: Скорость шпинделя + Скорость подачи

Milling cutters shape acrylic (НАПРИМЕР., края, слоты) and need a balance of spindle speed (Rpm) and feed speed (how fast the tool moves). Here’s how to pair them:

Milling Cutter TypeСкорость шпинделя (Rpm)Скорость подачи (мм/мин)Идеальный вариант использования
Конец мельницы (2-флейта), 6мм15,000–20,000 RPM80–120 мм/минTrimming the edge of a 100x50mm acrylic sheet
Лицо (4-флейта), 12мм12,000–18,000 RPM60–100 mm/minFlattening the surface of a 200x200mm acrylic block

Критическое правило: Never let the milling cutter stay in one spot for more than 2 секунды. Pausing creates heat, which melts acrylic and sticks chips to the part—ruining surface finish (you’ll see foggy, rough areas instead of clear edges).

3. How to Troubleshoot Speed-Related CNC Acrylic Machining Issues

Even with the right settings, Проблемы могут произойти. Use this checklist to fix common speed-related errors:

ПроблемаПервопричина (Speed-Related)Step-by-Step Solution
Melted acrylic around cutsRPM too high; feed speed too slow (tool rubs instead of cutting)1. Reduce RPM by 2,000–3,000; 2. Increase feed speed by 20 мм/мин; 3. Check for tool dullness (replace if needed)
Tool breaks mid-machiningRPM too high (heat stress); feed speed too fast (excess force)1. Lower RPM to the bottom of the recommended range; 2. Slow feed speed by 10–15 mm/min; 3. Ensure acrylic is clamped tightly (vibration worsens stress)
Грубый, foggy surface finishRPM too low (tool tears acrylic instead of cutting cleanly)1. Increase RPM by 1,000–2,000; 2. Use a fresh tool (dull tools cause roughness); 3. Add a coolant (на водной основе) Чтобы уменьшить трение

Пример: A user was machining a 5mm thick acrylic sign with a 3.175mm 2-tooth drill bit at 24,000 RPM and 40 mm/min feed speed. The acrylic melted around the holes. Решение: Lower RPM to 18,000 and increase feed speed to 60 mm/min—melting stopped, and holes were clean.

4. Перспектива Yigu Technology

В Yigu Technology, we know optimizing the speed of acrylic for CNC machining is key to reducing waste and boosting efficiency. Many clients struggle with balancing speed and quality—our advice is to start with the “middle ground” of recommended RPM ranges (НАПРИМЕР., 16,000 RPM for 2-tooth 3.175mm drills) and adjust based on real-time feedback. We’re also integrating speed-presets into our CNC control software for common acrylic jobs (НАПРИМЕР., drilling 3mm holes), сокращение времени настройки 40%. As acrylic use grows in signage and electronics, precise speed control will only become more critical—and we’re here to simplify it for every user.

5. Часто задаваемые вопросы: Answers to Common Speed Questions

1 квартал: Can I use the same RPM for different acrylic thicknesses?

А1: No—thicker acrylic needs slower RPM. Например, a 3.175mm 2-tooth drill bit uses 24,000 RPM for 3mm acrylic but 8,000 RPM for 15mm acrylic. Slower speeds prevent overheating in thick material.

2 квартал: What if my CNC machine can’t reach the recommended RPM?

А2: Compensate with feed speed. If your machine maxes out at 15,000 Rpm (вместо 20,000 for a milling cutter), slow feed speed by 20% (НАПРИМЕР., от 100 к 80 мм/мин) Чтобы уменьшить напряжение инструмента.

Q3: How often should I check speed settings?

А3: Every time you change tools or acrylic thickness. Even a small tool diameter change (НАПРИМЕР., 3mm to 5mm) needs a RPM adjustment—skipping this leads to errors.

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