In CNC machining of aluminum parts—from NEV battery brackets to consumer electronics housings—the rotation speed of CNC machining aluminum directly affects cutting efficiency, Жизнь инструмента, and part surface quality. Too high a speed causes tool overheating and wear; too low leads to low productivity and poor surface finish. This article breaks down core influencing factors, calculation methods, typical speed references, parameter coordination strategies, and practical adjustment tips, helping you accurately set and optimize rotation speeds for different aluminum machining scenarios.
1. What Are the Core Factors Influencing Rotation Speed of CNC Machining Aluminum?
The rotation speed isn’t a fixed value—it depends on four interconnected factors. Understanding these helps avoid blind adjustment and ensures stable machining.
| Influencing Factor | Ключевые детали | Impact on Rotation Speed | Практический пример |
| Aluminum Alloy Type | Different alloys have varying hardness and machinability: – 6061 алюминиевый сплав: Low hardness (полупансион 60-80), Хорошая механизм – 7075 алюминиевый сплав: Высокая твердость (полупансион 150-180), Высокая сила | 6061 разрешает 20-30% higher speeds than 7075; Harder alloys require lower speeds to prevent tool overload | For a Φ10mm carbide tool: 6061 Использование 3000-4000 Rpm; 7075 Использование 2200-3000 Rpm |
| Тип инструмента & Материал | Tool materials determine speed limits: – Карбид инструментов: Устойчивость к износу, support high speeds – Высокоскоростная сталь (HSS) инструменты: Низкая термостойкость, limited to low speeds – Coated tools (НАПРИМЕР., Тилн): Уменьшить трение, increase speed upper limit by 15-25% | Carbide tools run 2-3x faster than HSS; Coated carbide outperforms uncoated by 15-25% | Φ10mm tool for 6061 алюминий: HSS uses 1200-1800 Rpm; Uncoated carbide uses 3000-4000 Rpm; TiAlN-coated carbide uses 3500-4800 Rpm |
| Tool Diameter | Small-diameter tools have higher rotational inertia and are prone to vibration at low speeds; Large-diameter tools generate more cutting force, requiring lower speeds to avoid machine vibration | Speed is inversely proportional to tool diameter (per the core formula); Small tools (≤Φ5mm) need 2-3x higher speeds than large tools (≥Φ25mm) | Для 6061 aluminum with carbide tools: Φ5mm tool uses 6000-8000 Rpm; Φ25mm tool uses 1200-1600 Rpm |
| Стадия обработки | Roughing prioritizes material removal; Finishing focuses on surface quality: – Грубая: Larger cutting depth (1-3мм), needs medium speed to balance efficiency and tool load – Отделка: Smaller cutting depth (0.1-0.5мм), requires higher speed for smooth surfaces | Finishing speeds are 30-50% higher than roughing speeds for the same tool and alloy | Φ10mm carbide tool on 6061 алюминий: Roughing uses 3000-3500 Rpm; Finishing uses 4000-4800 Rpm |
2. How to Calculate Rotation Speed of CNC Machining Aluminum?
The rotation speed is calculated using a universal formula, with cutting speed (Vc) as the core reference. Mastering this formula allows you to derive speeds for different tool and alloy combinations.
2.1 Core Calculation Formula
The standard formula for rotation speed (Rpm) является:
RPM = (Скорость резки (Vc) × 1000) / (π × Tool Diameter (Дюймовый))
- Vc (Скорость резки): The linear speed of the tool’s cutting edge relative to the workpiece (единица: м/мой), determined by alloy type and tool material.
- Дюймовый (Tool Diameter): The outer diameter of the cutting tool (единица: мм).
- π: A constant (≈3.1416).
2.2 Step-by-Step Calculation Example
Let’s calculate the rotation speed for machining 6061 aluminum with a Φ10mm TiAlN-coated carbide tool:
- Determine Vc: For TiAlN-coated carbide tools machining 6061 алюминий, the recommended Vc is 100-130 м/мой (отраслевой стандарт).
- Plug into the formula:
- If Vc = 100 м/мой: RPM = (100 × 1000) / (3.1416 × 10) ≈ 3183 Rpm
- If Vc = 130 м/мой: RPM = (130 × 1000) / (3.1416 × 10) ≈ 4138 Rpm
- Final Speed Range: 3183-4138 Rpm (rounded to 3200-4100 RPM for practical use).
2.3 Скорость резки (Vc) Reference for Common Scenarios
To simplify calculation, below is a Vc reference table for different aluminum alloys and tool materials:
| Алюминиевый сплав | Материал инструмента | Recommended Vc Range (м/мой) | Applicable Processing Stage |
| 6061 (Низкая твердость) | HSS | 30-50 | Грубая (Низкое объем производства) |
| 6061 | Uncoated Carbide | 80-110 | Грубая (массовое производство) |
| 6061 | TiAlN-Coated Carbide | 100-130 | Отделка (high surface quality needs) |
| 7075 (Высокая твердость) | Uncoated Carbide | 60-80 | Грубая (avoid tool overload) |
| 7075 | TiAlN-Coated Carbide | 75-100 | Отделка (balance speed and tool life) |
3. What Are the Typical Rotation Speed References for CNC Machining Aluminum?
Based on tool diameter, тип сплава, and processing stage, we’ve summarized practical speed ranges for common scenarios—saving you time on repeated calculations.
3.1 Rotation Speed by Tool Diameter (для 6061 Алюминий, Карбид инструментов)
| Tool Diameter (Дюймовый) | Roughing Rotation Speed (Rpm) | Finishing Rotation Speed (Rpm) | Ключевое приложение |
| Φ3-5mm (Маленький) | 4500-6000 | 6000-8000 | Прекрасные функции: Sensor mounting holes, thin-wall grooving |
| Φ8-12mm (Середина) | 2800-3500 | 3500-4800 | General machining: Housing outer contours, boss milling |
| Φ15-20mm (Большой) | 1800-2500 | 2500-3200 | Large-area roughing: Battery tray bottom surfaces |
| Φ25mm+ (Extra-Large) | 1200-1800 | 1800-2200 | Heavy cutting: Thick aluminum plate material removal |
3.2 Speed Adjustment for 7075 Алюминий (против. 6061)
Since 7075 сложнее, reduce the speed by 20-30% по сравнению с 6061 for the same tool and processing stage. Пример:
- Φ10mm TiAlN-coated carbide tool: 6061 finishing uses 3500-4800 Rpm; 7075 finishing uses 2500-3500 Rpm.
4. How to Coordinate Rotation Speed with Other Key Parameters?
Rotation speed doesn’t work in isolation—it must be matched with feed speed, cutting depth, and cooling to avoid defects. Below is a coordinated parameter guide:
4.1 Feed Speed Coordination
Feed speed (Фон) is calculated as: F = RPM × Number of Tool Teeth (Z.) × Feed per Tooth (fz). Для алюминия, fz ranges from 0.1-0.3mm/tooth (adjust based on speed).
| Rotation Speed (Rpm) | Number of Tool Teeth (Z.) | Feed per Tooth (fz, мм/зуб) | Recommended Feed Speed (Фон, мм/мин) |
| 3000 (Medium Speed) | 4 | 0.2 | 3000×4×0.2 = 2400 |
| 6000 (Высокоскоростной) | 2 (Small-diameter tool) | 0.12 | 6000×2×0.12 = 1440 |
| 1500 (Low Speed) | 6 (Large-diameter tool) | 0.25 | 1500×6×0.25 = 2250 |
Критическое примечание: Высокоскоростной + high feed speed causes tool overheating—reduce fz by 10-20% when RPM exceeds 5000.
4.2 Cutting Depth Matching
Глубина резания (доступа) affects tool load—deeper cuts require lower speeds to prevent tool deflection.
| Стадия обработки | Глубина резки (доступа, мм) | Recommended Rotation Speed Adjustment |
| Грубая | 1-3 | Используйте нижний предел диапазона скоростей. (НАПРИМЕР., 2800-3200 Число оборотов в минуту для инструмента диаметром 10 мм.) |
| Полуфинизируя | 0.5-1 | Используйте среднюю часть диапазона скоростей. (НАПРИМЕР., 3200-3800 Число оборотов в минуту для инструмента диаметром 10 мм.) |
| Отделка | 0.1-0.5 | Используйте верхний предел диапазона скоростей. (НАПРИМЕР., 3800-4800 Число оборотов в минуту для инструмента диаметром 10 мм.) |
4.3 Охлаждение & Lubrication Support
Эффективное охлаждение позволяет увеличить скорость за счет снижения температуры резки. (алюминий плавится при температуре ~660°C — перегрев вызывает прилипание инструмента).
| Метод охлаждения | Потенциал увеличения скорости | Сценарий применения |
| Охлаждающая жидкость на водной основе (Концентрация 5-8%) | 15-20% | Массовое производство (НАПРИМЕР., Линии обработки деталей NEV) |
| Охлаждающая жидкость на масляной основе | 10-15% | Высокоточная отделка (предотвращает коррозию алюминия) |
| Микросмазка (Воздушно-масляный туман) | 5-10% | Сухие цеха или мелкосерийная обработка |
5. What Are the Practical Tips for Adjusting Rotation Speed?
Even with theoretical references, on-site adjustment is needed to adapt to equipment and workpiece variations. Ниже 4 actionable tips:
- Start with Conservative Speeds
For new alloy-tool combinations, set RPM to 80% of the recommended upper limit. Например, if the theoretical range is 3000-4000 Rpm, Начать в 3200 Rpm. Observe chip shape (ideal chips: continuous, curled, silver-white) and machine sound (no high-pitched squealing or vibration) to avoid initial tool damage.
- Check Dynamic Balance for High-Speed Machining
When RPM exceeds 5000, use a dynamic balance tester to adjust tool holders (balance grade G2.5 or higher). Unbalanced tools cause vibration, reducing surface quality (Ra increases from 0.8μm to 3.2μm) and shortening tool life by 30-50%.
- Adjust Based on Spindle Type
Spindle rigidity limits maximum speed:
- BT30 spindles (Маленькие машины): Max stable speed ≤8000 RPM (avoid overloading).
- BT40 spindles (medium machines): Max stable speed ≤12000 RPM (suitable for high-speed finishing).
- Use CAM Software for Simulation
Tools like Mastercam or UG can simulate cutting forces and temperatures at different speeds. Для сложных частей (НАПРИМЕР., thin-walled aluminum housings), simulation helps identify speed-related risks (НАПРИМЕР., vibration at corners) and optimize parameters in advance—reducing trial-and-error time by 40-60%.
6. Yigu Technology’s Perspective on Rotation Speed of CNC Machining Aluminum
В Yigu Technology, Мы видим rotation speed of CNC machining aluminum as the “balance point of efficiency and quality”—it’s not about pursuing the highest speed, but matching speed to actual production needs. Наши данные показывают 60% of aluminum machining defects (износ инструмента, плохая поверхность) come from mismatched speeds, not equipment issues.
We recommend a “scenario-driven” adjustment approach: Для 6061 aluminum NEV battery brackets (массовое производство), we use TiAlN-coated carbide tools + water-based coolant, setting RPM to 3500-4000 RPM to balance efficiency and tool life; Для 7075 aluminum aerospace parts (высокая точность), we lower RPM to 2500-3000 RPM and reduce feed per tooth to 0.15mm/tooth, ensuring surface Ra ≤0.8μm. We also integrate real-time temperature sensors to monitor tool conditions, auto-adjusting speed by 5-10% if overheating is detected—helping clients reduce tool costs by 20% and improve production efficiency by 15%.
7. Часто задаваемые вопросы: Common Questions About Rotation Speed of CNC Machining Aluminum
1 квартал: Can I use the same rotation speed for both roughing and finishing of the same aluminum part?
Нет. Roughing requires medium speed (to handle large cutting depth and avoid tool overload), while finishing needs higher speed (to achieve smooth surfaces). Например, a Φ10mm carbide tool on 6061 алюминий: Roughing uses 3000-3500 Rpm, finishing uses 3800-4800 Rpm. Using the same speed leads to either low roughing efficiency or excessive finishing tool wear.
2 квартал: Why does a small-diameter tool (НАПРИМЕР., Φ5mm) need a much higher rotation speed than a large-diameter tool (НАПРИМЕР., Φ25mm)?
It’s due to cutting speed (Vc) последовательность. Per the formula RPM = (Vc×1000)/(π×D), smaller D requires higher RPM to maintain the same Vc (critical for cutting efficiency). Для 6061 aluminum with Vc=100 m/min: Φ5mm tool needs ~6366 RPM, Φ25mm tool needs ~1273 RPM. A low speed for small tools would result in low Vc, leading to slow material removal and poor surface finish.
Q3: How to handle rotation speed adjustment when machining thin-walled aluminum parts (thickness ≤2mm)?
Thin-walled parts are prone to vibration—use these strategies: 1. Increase RPM by 10-15% (НАПРИМЕР., от 3500 к 4000 Число оборотов в минуту для инструмента диаметром 10 мм.) to reduce cutting force; 2. Reduce feed per tooth by 20-30% (от 0.2 to 0.14mm/tooth) to avoid part deformation; 3. Use micro-lubrication to minimize heat-induced warping. These steps balance speed and part stability.