Electric toys, with functions like movement, звук, и свет, rely heavily on high-precision prototypes to validate design and functionality. Обработка с ЧПУ stands out as a key method for creating these prototypes, ensuring complex structures and electronic integration work seamlessly. This article breaks down the full CNC machining process for electric toy prototypes, addressing common pain points for engineers and manufacturers.
1. Предварительное приспособление: Дизайн & Выбор материала
A well-planned design and suitable materials are the foundation of a successful electric toy prototype. This stage focuses on aligning functionality with machining feasibility.
1.1 Demand Analysis & 3D Моделирование
Before 3D modeling, clarify core requirements to avoid rework. Then use professional software to create detailed models.
Demand Analysis Breakdown
| Requirement Type | Ключевые детали | Влияние на обработку ЧПУ |
| Function Definition | Confirm functions (НАПРИМЕР., gear-driven movement, LED lights, sound modules); select core components (Моторс, батареи, controllers) | Determines space reserved for components (НАПРИМЕР., motor slots, battery compartments) in machining |
| Структурный дизайн | Design appearance, механические детали (gear sets, joint moving parts), and electronic layout | Influences tool path planning (НАПРИМЕР., avoiding undercuts in joint structures) |
| Стандарты безопасности | Ensure no sharp edges; design anti-reverse battery structures | Requires precise chamfering (≤0.5mm) and accurate slot dimensions during machining |
3D Моделирование & Engineering Drawing Tips
- Выбор программного обеспечения: Использовать Солидворкс или И nx for 3D modeling—they support modular design, allowing decomposition of the toy into parts (оболочка, transmission structure, electronic bracket) for step-by-step machining.
- Detail Optimization:
- Reserve 2-3mm extra space for electronic components (НАПРИМЕР., battery compartments) to accommodate assembly gaps.
- Add anti-slip textures (глубина: 0.2-0.3мм) on handles and snap structures (терпимость: ± 0,05 мм) for secure assembly.
1.2 Material Comparison for Core Components
Selecting the right material balances performance, расходы, and machining ease.
| Тип компонента | Optional Materials | Преимущества | Недостатки | Обработка заметок |
| Toy Shell | ABS Пластик | Бюджетный, Легко в машине, Хорошее воздействие сопротивления | Низкая термостойкость (≤80°C) | Use high rotational speed (10,000-15,000 Rpm) Чтобы избежать таяния |
| ПК Пластик | Теплостойкий (до 120 ° C.), долговечный | Более высокая стоимость, prone to cracking | Slow feed speed (150-200 мм/мин) рекомендуется | |
| Части передачи (Передачи, Валы) | Алюминиевый сплав (6061) | Высокая сила, легкий вес | Needs anodization post-processing | Use coolant to prevent burrs |
| Пома (Инженерный пластик) | Self-lubricating, низкое трение | Low impact resistance | No coolant needed; finish with 800# наждачная бумага | |
| Transparent Parts (Windows, Lights) | Акрил | High light transmittance (≥92%), Легко отполировать | Хрупкий, prone to scratching | Use ball head cutter for smooth surfaces (Ra ≤ 0.8μm) |
2. CNC Machining Stage: Настраивать & Execution
This stage transforms raw materials into components, requiring careful machine selection, программирование, and precision control.
2.1 Machine Tool & Выбор инструмента
Choosing the right machine and tools ensures efficiency and accuracy.
| Machining Need | Recommended Machine Type | Suitable Tools | Tool Size (мм) | Цель |
| Small Precision Parts (Shells, Передачи) | Small CNC Engraving Machine (НАПРИМЕР., 3018 Pro) | Flat Bottom Cutter (Грубая), Ball Head Cutter (Отделка) | Φ4-8 (Грубая), Φ2-4 (Отделка) | Remove excess material; achieve smooth surfaces |
| Complex Metal Parts (Drive Shafts) | Machining Center | Twist Drill, Taper Cutter | Φ3-6 (Сверлить), Φ5-8 (Taper) | Drill holes; create tapered joints |
2.2 Программирование & Toolpath Optimization
- G-Code Programming: Использовать Мастеркам или PowerMill to generate toolpaths. Follow a two-step strategy:
- Грубая обработка: Удалять 80-90% of excess material with a flat bottom cutter—set depth of cut to 1-2mm per pass to save time.
- Отделка: Use a ball head cutter for surfaces (НАПРИМЕР., toy shells) to ensure no knife marks—set depth of cut to 0.1-0.2mm.
- Parameter Setting for Common Materials:
| Материал | Rotational Speed (Rpm) | Скорость подачи (мм/мин) | Глубина разрезания (мм) |
| ABS Пластик | 12,000 – 16,000 | 200 – 300 | 1.5 – 2.0 |
| Алюминиевый сплав (6061) | 8,000 – 12,000 | 100 – 150 | 1.0 – 1.5 |
| Акрил | 15,000 – 20,000 | 250 – 350 | 0.8 – 1.2 |
2.3 Machining Precautions
- Исправление & Позиционирование:
- Use double-sided adhesive for plastic sheets (prevents surface damage) or clamps for metal blocks.
- For symmetrical parts (НАПРИМЕР., toy arms), Используйте “one side and two pins” method—position pins 5-10mm from edges to ensure ±0.05mm accuracy.
- Точный контроль:
- Maintain tolerance of ±0.1mm for plastic parts (НАПРИМЕР., раковины) и ±0.05mm for metal transmission parts (НАПРИМЕР., передачи).
- For thin-walled structures (thickness ≤1mm), add temporary supports during machining and remove them post-processing.
3. Пост-обработка & Сборка
Post-processing improves appearance and durability, while assembly verifies functionality.
3.1 Поверхностная обработка
Proper treatment enhances aesthetics and safety.
| Компонент | Surface Treatment Process | Цель | Параметры |
| Toy Shell (ABS/PC) | Шлифование (80#→2000#) + Spraying Matte Paint | Удалить следы обработки; prevent scratches | Песок в круговых движениях; paint thickness: 0.1-0.2мм |
| Aluminum Alloy Parts | Ультразвуковая чистка + Anodization (Black/Silver) | Remove oil/chips; предотвратить ржавчину | Anodization layer thickness: 5-10мкм |
| Transparent Acrylic Parts | Полировка (1000#→3000# Sandpaper + Полировка паста) | Improve light transmittance; remove scratches | Polish until surface is mirror-like (Ra ≤ 0.2μm) |
| Logos/Patterns | Шелковый скрининг | Add brand logos or decorative patterns | Ink thickness: ≤0,05 мм; dry at 60°C for 30 минуты |
3.2 Electronic Integration & Сборка
Follow a logical sequence to ensure components work together.
Пошаговая сборка (Linear Narrative)
- Mechanical Assembly: First install gear sets and joint moving parts—test movement smoothness (no jamming when rotated 360°).
- Electronic Installation: Solder motors, батареи, and controllers to the PCB board; fix the PCB to the CNC-machined bracket (use M2 screws, крутящий момент: 0.3 N · m).
- Shell Encapsulation: Attach the top and bottom shells with snaps or screws—check for gaps (≤0.1mm) to prevent dust entry.
Контрольный список функционального тестирования
- Mechanical Function: Test motor speed (НАПРИМЕР., 500-1000 RPM for toy cars) and torque—adjust gear ratios if movement is too slow/fast.
- Electronic Function: Verify LED lights (no flickering) and sound modules (clear audio)—check circuit stability by running the toy continuously for 1 час (no overheating >45°C).
- Тест безопасности: Inspect for sharp edges (use a feeler gauge: no protrusions >0.1mm) and test the anti-reverse battery structure (battery cannot be inserted backwards).
4. Пост-обработка & Оптимизация
Refine the prototype based on test results to prepare for small-batch production.
4.1 Появление & Structural Optimization
- Appearance Repair: Fill small scratches (depth ≤0.1mm) with putty; use 3D printing to patch missing parts (НАПРИМЕР., broken snap structures).
- Structural Improvement:
- Lightweight Design: Add hollowed-out areas (диаметр: 3-5мм) in non-load-bearing parts (НАПРИМЕР., toy body) to reduce weight by 10-15%.
- Strength Enhancement: Добавить ребра жесткости (ширина: 1-2мм) to stressed parts (НАПРИМЕР., connecting shafts) or switch from plastic to aluminum alloy if cracks appear.
4.2 Small-Batch Validation
- Replica Production: If the prototype passes tests, использовать silicone replica molds (vacuum pouring) сделать 10-20 small-batch prototypes—this reduces CNC machining costs for repeated tests.
- Iterative Improvement: Adjust the design based on user feedback (НАПРИМЕР., modify gear tooth count if the toy is too noisy; increase battery compartment size for longer runtime).
Точка зрения Yigu Technology
For CNC machining of electric toy prototypes, precision and safety не подлежат обсуждению. Yigu Technology suggests prioritizing modular design in the early stage—breaking the toy into small parts simplifies machining and reduces rework. Material selection should align with use cases: ABS is ideal for low-cost, non-heat-exposed shells, while aluminum alloy works best for high-stress transmission parts. Пост-обработка, like acrylic polishing and aluminum anodization, not only improves aesthetics but also extends the prototype’s lifespan. Заглядывая в будущее, as electric toys become more intelligent (НАПРИМЕР., adding sensors), CNC machining will need to handle smaller, more complex components—requiring tighter tolerances (± 0,03 мм) and advanced tooling like micro-mills.
Часто задаваемые вопросы
- What CNC machine is best for small electric toy prototypes (НАПРИМЕР., 5-10cm size)?
Small CNC engraving machines (НАПРИМЕР., 3018 Pro) идеальные. They offer high precision (± 0,01 мм), are cost-effective, and can handle small parts like toy shells and gears without occupying much space.
- How to prevent plastic parts from melting during CNC machining?
Use high rotational speeds (12,000-16,000 RPM для ABS) and moderate feed speeds (200-300 мм/мин). Кроме того, use compressed air to blow away chips and cool the material—avoiding heat buildup that causes melting.
- Why is “one side and two pins” positioning used for symmetrical toy parts?
This method ensures consistent accuracy across multiple prototypes. The fixed “one side” acts as a reference, while the two pins prevent lateral movement during machining—critical for symmetrical parts like toy arms, where even a 0.1mm misalignment can cause assembly issues (НАПРИМЕР., uneven joint movement).