Как рассчитать стоимость обработки с ЧПУ? Пошаговое профессиональное руководство

Whether you’re a manufacturer sourcing custom parts or an engineer budgeting for a project, understanding how to calculate CNC machining fees is critical to avoiding overspending or misquoting. CNC machining fees aren’t arbitrary—they’re based on tangible factors like material costs, время обработки, and equipment type. Это руководство разрушает 4 most reliable calculation methods, key cost drivers, Реальные примеры, and tips to optimize expenses.

1. 4 Proven Methods to Calculate CNC Machining Fees

Different suppliers use different pricing models, в зависимости от сложности частично, Размер партии, и оборудование. Ниже приведены наиболее распространенные методы, each with clear formulas, примеры, and best-use scenarios:

Метод 1: Machining Time-Based Calculation (Most Widely Used)

This method charges based on how long the CNC machine operates, Объединение equipment depreciation, затраты на рабочую силу, energy consumption, и обслуживание into an hourly rate.

Формула: CNC Machining Fee = Machining Time (Часы) × Hourly Rate (RMB/Hour)

Hourly rates vary by machine type—here’s a practical reference:

Пример:

• A stainless steel part requires 3 hours of machining on an ordinary 3-axis CNC machine (hourly rate: 150 юаней).
• Machining Fee = 3 × 150 = 450 юаней

Метод 2: Material Cost-Based Calculation (Simple for Small Batches)

This method uses the raw material cost as the base and multiplies it by a profit margin to cover machining, труд, and overhead.

Формула: CNC Machining Fee = Material Cost × Profit Margin (1.5 ~ 3x)

Material cost is calculated by part weight и material unit price—here’s a breakdown of common material prices:

Пример:

• A 200g aluminum alloy part (material unit price: 0.3 юаней/грамм)
• Material Cost = 200 × 0.3 = 60 юаней
• Profit margin: 2х (standard for small batches)
• Machining Fee = 60 × 2 = 120 юаней

Метод 3: Process-by-Process Calculation (Transparent for Complex Parts)

This method breaks the machining workflow into individual processes (НАПРИМЕР., фрезерование, бурение, постукивание) and bills each step separately. It’s ideal for parts with multiple operations, as it lets you see exactly where costs come from.

Пример:

• A part requires single-sided milling (50 юаней) + 2 бурение отверстий (10 RMB each) + 1 tapping hole (20 юаней).
• Total Machining Fee = 50 + (2×10) + 20 = 90 юаней

Метод 4: Batch-Based Calculation (Cost-Effective for Large Orders)

The larger the batch, the lower the unit machining fee—this is because fixed costs (НАПРИМЕР., настройка машины, программирование) are spread across more parts. Suppliers often offer tiered discounts for bulk orders.

Формула: Unit Machining Fee (Batch) = (Single-Piece Fee × Batch Quantity × Discount Rate) ÷ Batch Quantity

Пример:

• Заказывающий 30 pieces of a part with a single-piece fee of 150 юаней.
• Discount rate: 85% (для 11 ~ 50 куски).
• Unit Machining Fee = (150 × 30 × 0.85) ÷ 30 = 127.5 юаней
• Total Batch Fee = 127.5 × 30 = 3,825 юаней

2. 6 Key Factors That Impact CNC Machining Fees

Even with the right calculation method, fees can vary based on these critical factors. Understanding them helps you optimize costs and negotiate better quotes:

(1) Тип материала & Difficulty to Machine

Not all materials are equal—harder or rarer materials take longer to machine and require specialized tools, increasing fees:

• Easy-to-machine materials (алюминиевый сплав, низкоуглеродистая сталь): Lower fees (50 ~ 200 RMB/piece for simple parts).
• Hard-to-machine materials (Титановый сплав, Суперсплавы): Higher fees (500 ~ 2,000 RMB/piece for simple parts) due to slower cutting speeds and tool wear.

(2) Часть сложности & Точность

Complex geometries and tight tolerances demand more programming time and skilled labor:

• Простые части (Плоские поверхности, no curves, допуски ±0,1 мм): Lower fees (20 ~ 150 RMB/piece).
• Сложные части (Изогнутые поверхности, тонкие стены <2мм, Допуски ± 0,01 мм): Higher fees (200 ~ 1,000 RMB/piece) due to longer machining time and quality checks.

(3) Тип оборудования

Advanced machines cost more to operate and maintain, which is reflected in hourly rates:

• Ordinary 3-axis machines: 50 ~ 200 RMB/hour (best for simple parts).
• 5-Осины: 200 ~ 500 RMB/hour (required for complex parts, but reduces multiple setups).

(4) Затраты на рабочую силу

Skilled programmers and operators command higher wages, Особенно для сложных частей:

• Basic operation (simple 3-axis parts): 50 ~ 80 RMB/hour.
• Advanced programming (5-axis or precision parts): 100 ~ 150 RMB/hour.

(5) Требования к постобработке

Treatments like heat treatment or plating add extra costs—skip unnecessary steps to save:

(6) Размер партии

As shown in Method 4, larger batches lower unit fees. Маленькие партии (1 ~ 10 куски) have higher unit costs because fixed setup costs are spread across fewer parts.

3. Real-World CNC Machining Fee Calculation Cases

To make these methods more tangible, here are two practical cases covering simple and complex parts:

Случай 1: Simple Aluminum Alloy Part (Кронштейн)

• Материал: Алюминиевый сплав (0.3 юаней/грамм), part weight = 150g → Material Cost = 150 × 0.3 = 45 юаней.
• Обработка: 1 hour on an ordinary 3-axis CNC machine (100 RMB/hour) → Time-Based Fee = 1 × 100 = 100 юаней.
• Пост-обработка: Выслушивание (10 юаней) → No other treatments.
• Total Machining Fee: 100 + 10 = 110 юаней (material cost is separate unless using Method 2).

Случай 2: Complex Stainless Steel Part (Aerospace Component)

• Материал: Нержавеющая сталь (1 юаней/грамм), part weight = 300g → Material Cost = 300 × 1 = 300 юаней.
• Обработка: 5 hours on a 5-axis CNC machine (300 RMB/hour) → Time-Based Fee = 5 × 300 = 1,500 юаней.
• Пост-обработка: Термическая обработка (200 юаней) + Гальванизация (300 юаней) → Total Post-Processing = 500 юаней.
• Total Machining Fee: 1,500 + 500 = 2,000 юаней (Стоимость материала + 2,000 RMB = total part cost: 2,300 юаней).

4. 5 Practical Tips to Reduce CNC Machining Fees

You don’t have to compromise on quality to lower costs—try these strategies:

1. Оптимизация конструкции детали: Remove unnecessary features (НАПРИМЕР., oversize holes, extra curves) to reduce machining time by 10 ~ 30%.
2. Choose the right material: Use aluminum alloy instead of stainless steel for non-corrosive applications—saving 50 ~ 70% on material and machining fees.
3. Merge processes: Complete multiple operations in one clamping (НАПРИМЕР., фрезерование + бурение) to cut setup time by 20 ~ 40%.
4. Order in bulk: Even small batch increases (НАПРИМЕР., от 5 к 20 куски) can unlock 10 ~ 20% discounts.
5. Simplify post-processing: Skip plating for internal, non-visible surfaces to save 80 ~ 500 RMB/piece.

Yigu Technology’s Perspective on CNC Machining Fees

В Yigu Technology, Мы верим transparency and design optimization are the keys to fair CNC machining pricing. Many clients overpay because they use complex designs or overspecify materials—for example, choosing titanium alloy for parts that only need aluminum. Our team works with clients to simplify designs (НАПРИМЕР., replacing multi-step setups with single-clamping machining) and select cost-effective materials, cutting fees by 15 ~ 30%. We also offer flexible batch discounts: даже 10+ pieces get 15% выключенный, и 100+ pieces get 40% выключенный. By breaking down quotes into time, материал, и стоимость постобработки, we ensure clients understand every expense—making CNC machining accessible and cost-effective for projects of all sizes.

Часто задаваемые вопросы

1. Which calculation method should I use for a single complex part?

Для одной сложной части, Используйте process-by-process method—it breaks down costs by each operation (НАПРИМЕР., фрезерование, бурение), so you can see exactly where expenses come from. This also makes it easier to negotiate fees for specific steps (НАПРИМЕР., reducing tapping costs by simplifying thread size).

2. Why does titanium alloy machining cost so much more than aluminum?

Titanium alloy is harder (requires slower cutting speeds) и дороже (10 ~ 50 RMB/gram vs. 0.1 ~ 0.5 RMB/gram for aluminum). It also wears out tools faster, adding tool replacement costs. For a simple 100g part, titanium machining fees can be 10 ~ 20x higher than aluminum.

3. Can I negotiate CNC machining fees with suppliers?

Yes—especially for bulk orders or simple parts. Ask for batch discounts (НАПРИМЕР., 20% уйти за 50+ куски) or to adjust profit margins (НАПРИМЕР., from 3x to 2x for large orders). You can also reduce fees by optimizing design or simplifying post-processing before negotiating.