Являетесь ли вы любителем 3D Принтер or a professional in manufacturing, one question always comes up: Which 3D printing format should I use? The answer depends on your project goals—like whether you need color, how big the file can be, or what software your printer supports. This guide breaks down the most common formats, их плюсы и минусы, and how to pick the best one.
1. Key 3D Printing Formats: Бок о бок сравнение
Начать, let’s look at the four most widely used formats. The table below compares their core features, Идеальное использование, и ограничения.
| Формат | Year Launched | Core Features | Идеально подходит для | Размер файла | Main Limitation |
| Stl (Стереолитмикромография) | 1988 | Triangular mesh; only geometric data | Простые модели (НАПРИМЕР., игрушки, basic parts) | Маленький | No support for color, текстура, or material info |
| Obj (Object File) | 1992 | Polygonal mesh; supports colors, текстуры | Complex models (НАПРИМЕР., фигурки, prototypes with details) | Большой | Not ideal for online transfer/storage |
| Амф (Additive Manufacturing File Format) | 2009 | XML-based; добавляет цвет, текстура, Свойства материала | Advanced 3D printing (НАПРИМЕР., multi-material parts) | Большой | Inconsistent support across software/devices |
| 3MF (3D Manufacturing Format) | 2015 | XML-based; complete model data (геометрия + цвета + материалы); error-resistant | Professional projects (НАПРИМЕР., Промышленные детали, high-detail designs) | Medium to Large | Newer—some older printers may lack support |
2. Deep Dive into Each Format
Let’s take a closer look at each format to understand when to use them.
2.1 Stl: А “Veteran” of 3D Printing
First developed by 3D Systems in 1988, Stl is the oldest and most widely supported 3D printing format. Think of it as the “JPEG of 3D printing”—simple, universal, but limited.
- Как это работает: It uses thousands of tiny triangles to build a “mesh” that represents the model’s surface. This simplification makes files small and easy to process.
- Лучше всего для: Projects where you only need basic shape—like a custom phone stand, a replacement hinge, or a simple toy.
- Пример: If you’re printing a plain white chess piece, STL is perfect. It will get the job done quickly without extra data.
2.2 Obj: А “Detail Lover” Формат
Unlike STL, Obj doesn’t stop at geometry. It’s designed for models that need color, текстура, или мелкие детали.
- Key advantage: It preserves surface textures (НАПРИМЕР., a wood grain on a model chair) and color data (НАПРИМЕР., a red car body with black wheels).
- Trade-off: All that detail makes files large. A simple OBJ model might be 2–3 times bigger than the same model in STL.
- Who uses it?: Designers creating figurines, architects making textured building models, or artists working on 3D sculptures.
2.3 Амф: А “Flexible Newcomer”
Амф was created to fix STL’s flaws. Based on XML (a language used for structured data), it adds support for colors, материалы, and even different textures in one model.
- Почему это важно: Imagine printing a toy that has a hard plastic body and soft rubber arms—AMF can handle that by defining different material zones.
- Испытание: Not all 3D printing software or printers support AMF yet. Например, some budget hobby printers only work with STL or OBJ.
2.4 3MF: А “Industry Favorite”
Launched in 2015 by a group led by Microsoft, 3MF is quickly becoming the go-to for professionals. It’s like AMF but more user-friendly and widely supported.
- Big wins:
- It reduces printing errors (НАПРИМЕР., it checks for missing parts in the model before printing).
- It works with major brands (НАПРИМЕР., Hp., Prusa, Autodesk software).
- It can describe everything from geometry to material types in one file.
- Ideal scenario: A factory printing a complex machine part that needs specific material properties (НАПРИМЕР., heat-resistant plastic in certain areas).
3. How to Choose the Right Format: Пошаговый процесс
Not sure which format to pick? Следуйте этим 4 шаги:
- Define your project needs: Do you need color/texture? If yes, skip STL. If no, STL is a safe bet.
- Check your printer/software: Does your printer support 3MF or AMF? Check the user manual—most new printers list supported formats.
- Consider file size: If you need to share the file online (НАПРИМЕР., with a friend), OBJ or AMF might be too big. Use STL or 3MF instead.
- Prioritize quality vs. скорость: STL prints faster (smaller file = quicker processing). 3MF or OBJ takes longer but gives better detail.
4. Перспектива Yigu Technology
В Yigu Technology, we’ve worked with hundreds of clients on 3D printing projects—from hobbyists to industrial teams. Наш взгляд? 3MF is the future, but STL still has its place. For simple, fast projects, STL is reliable and works with every printer we recommend. For professional projects (like custom industrial parts or high-detail prototypes), 3MF is our top choice—it reduces errors and ensures all model details are preserved. We also advise clients to test formats: start with STL for basic designs, and upgrade to 3MF or OBJ when details matter.
5. Часто задаваемые вопросы: Common Questions About 3D Printing Formats
1 квартал: Can I convert one 3D printing format to another?
Да! Tools like MeshLab, Блендер, or Autodesk Fusion 360 let you convert STL to OBJ, OBJ to 3MF, и еще. Just note that converting from a simple format (НАПРИМЕР., Stl) to a detailed one (НАПРИМЕР., Obj) won’t add color or texture—you’ll need to add those in design software first.
2 квартал: Is 3MF better than AMF?
Для большинства пользователей, да. 3MF has better support from software and printer brands, and it’s easier to fix errors in 3MF files. AMF is still useful for niche projects (НАПРИМЕР., multi-material printing with rare materials), but 3MF is more practical for everyday use.
Q3: Why do some 3D printers not support OBJ?
OBJ files are large and require more processing power to print. Бюджетные принтеры (под $300) often lack the memory or processing speed to handle OBJ files, so they stick to smaller, simpler STL files. As printers get more powerful, OBJ support is becoming more common.