If you work in electrical engineering, Производство, or construction, Вы, вероятно, слышали о 110 медь. This pure copper alloy is a top choice for projects needing excellent conductivity and formability—but understanding its standards, properties, and best uses can be tricky. Это руководство разбивает все, что вам нужно знать, с реальными примерами и действенными данными.
1. Alloy Designation & Global Standards for 110 Медь
110 copper isn’t just a random number—it’s defined by strict international standards. Knowing these designations ensures you pick the right material for compliance and performance.
- США обозначение: The most common label is C11000 (ETP) Медь, where “ETP” stands for Electrolytic Tough Pitch. This grade has a minimum copper content of 99.95%, making it ideal for electrical applications.
- ASTM Standards: ASTM B152/B187 sets specs for 110 copper sheets, полосы, and plates. For rods, MIL-C-12166 is the go-to military standard for high-reliability projects like aerospace wiring.
- International Equivalents:
- Европа: ISO Cu-ETP CW004A
- Japan: JIS C1100 Rounded Copper (used widely in electronics manufacturing)
- Китай: GB/T 5231 T2 copper (a direct equivalent for electrical conductors)
- Ключевые требования: Все 110 copper grades must meet RoHS compliance (no hazardous substances) and have an oxygen content < 0.04% (a critical ETP requirement to avoid brittleness).
Пример: A solar panel manufacturer in Germany would specifyISO Cu-ETP CW004A for their PV ribbons, while a U.S.-based company would useC11000 to meetASTM B152 стандарты.
2. Механический & Физические свойства: Почему 110 Copper Stands Out
110 copper’s properties make it versatile—from electrical conductors to heat sinks. Below is a clear breakdown of its key characteristics:
| Свойство | Value Range | Реальное воздействие |
|---|---|---|
| Предел прочности | 210–250 MPa | Can withstand stress in busbars without breaking |
| Электрическая проводимость | 45–50 % IACS | Transmits electricity efficiently (only slightly less than pure copper) |
| Теплопроводность | 385–400 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ | Dissipates heat fast—perfect for heat-sink fins |
| Твердость | 70–90 HRB | Soft enough for bending, hard enough for durability |
| Удлинение | 35–55 % в 50 мм | Bends easily into shapes like architectural gutters |
| Плотность | 8.89 g cm⁻³ | Heavy enough for stable lightning protection cables |
| Точка плавления | 1083 ° C. | Withstands high temperatures in motor windings |
Пример: A transformer maker uses 110 copper for windings because its45–50 % IACS conductivity minimizes energy loss, и это1083 ° C точка плавления resists overheating.
3. Fabrication Processes for 110 Медь
Работая с 110 copper requires knowing its limits—here’s how to shape it effectively:
- Холодный формирование: 110 copper handles cold bending well, but follow bending radius guidelines (1–2× thickness) Чтобы избежать трещин. Например, a 2mm thick C11000 sheet needs a 2–4mm radius.
- Отжиг: To soften the metal after cold working, use an annealing temperature of 370–650 °C. A manufacturer making deep-drawn electrical enclosures would anneal 110 copper at 500 °C to improve ductility.
- Механизм: With a machinability rating of 20 % (против. 100% for free-cutting brass), 110 copper is slow to machine. Use sharp tools and coolants to prevent overheating.
- Special Processes:
- Deep-drawing: Ideal for making cups or connectors (common in PCB manufacturing).
- Spinning & hydroforming: Feasible for creating curved parts like waveguide components.
- Снятие стресса: Use heat treatment cycles (НАПРИМЕР., 200 ° C для 1 час) to reduce internal stress after welding.
Кончик: To preventhydrogen embrittlement, avoid heating 110 copper in hydrogen-rich environments—this can cause the metal to crack.
4. Сварка, Пайнг & Присоединение 110 Медь
Присоединение 110 copper requires careful temperature control and the right materials. Here’s what works:
- GTAW (Тиг) Сварка: The most reliable method for 110 медь. For thick sections (over 6mm), Используйте preheat of 200–540 °C Для обеспечения полного слияния.
- Filler Metals: Использовать silicon-bronze ERCuSi-A for TIG welding—it bonds well and maintains conductivity.
- Пайнг: Выбирать phosphorus-deoxidized brazing alloys to avoid oxidation. A refrigeration technician might braze 110 copper tubes with these alloys for leak-free joints.
- Other Methods:
- Electron Beam Welding (EBW): Works for precision parts like vacuum chamber gaskets.
- Resistance Spot Welding: Requires high current density (10,000–15,000 A/mm²) for strong joints in automotive components.
Important: После сварки, тестjoint conductivity—a drop of more than 5% IACS means the joint needs rework.
5. Surface Treatments & Coatings for 110 Медь
Protect 110 copper from tarnish and improve its performance with these treatments:
- Tin Plating: Повышает solderability—used for PCB foil to ensure easy soldering of components.
- Silver Plating: Maintains high conductivity for RF shielding gaskets in telecom equipment.
- Nickel Underlayer: Acts as a corrosion barrier для 110 copper parts in marine environments.
- Chemical Treatments:
- Benzotriazole (BTA) Dip: Prevents oxidation—applied to coinage stock to keep it shiny.
- Electropolishing: Creates an ultra-smooth finish (Раствор < 0.1 µm) for vacuum chamber parts.
- Decorative Finishes: Hot black oxide is used for architectural accents like flashing to match dark building exteriors.
Пример: A jewelry maker usesэлектрополирование на 110 copper medallions to achieve a mirror-like shine (Раствор < 0.1 µm).
6. Лучшие приложения & Markets for 110 Медь
110 copper’s mix of conductivity, Формируемость, and compliance makes it essential in these industries:
- Электрический:
- Busbar & electrical conductor strips: Transmit power in factories and data centers.
- PCB foil: Connects components on circuit boards.
- Solar PV ribbon interconnects: Links solar cells in panels.
- Электроника:
- Waveguide & RF shielding gaskets: Block interference in 5G equipment.
- Transformer & motor windings: Efficiently transfer energy.
- Строительство:
- Lightning protection cables: Safely channel lightning to the ground.
- Architectural flashing & gutters: Resist corrosion and look sleek.
- Специальность:
- Heat-sink fins & base plates: Cool CPUs and power supplies.
- Vacuum chamber gaskets: Maintain airtight seals in scientific equipment.
- Coinage & medallion stock: Durable and easy to engrave.
Yigu Technology’s Perspective on 110 Медь
В Yigu Technology, we’ve seen 110 copper become a staple in our electrical component projects. ЕгоC11000 (ETP) обозначение ensures consistency across global orders, и это45–50 % IACS conductivity meets our clients’ efficiency needs. Мы часто рекомендуемtin-plated 110 медь for PCB applications, as it balances solderability and cost. For clients in harsh environments, we pair 110 copper with anickel underlayer to prevent corrosion. Overall, 110 copper’s versatility makes it a reliable choice for both standard and custom projects.
FAQ About 110 Медь
- What’s the difference between 110 медь (C11000) and pure copper?
Pure copper has slightly higher conductivity (≈58% IACS), но 110 медь (C11000) is more affordable and still offers excellent performance (45–50% IACS). 110 copper also has better formability for bending and welding. - Может 110 copper be used outdoors?
Yes—with the right coating. А nickel underlayer или chromate conversion coating (Alodine) protects it from rain and humidity. Many builders use coated 110 copper for outdoor gutters and flashing. - Является 110 copper RoHS-compliant?
Most grades are, but always check the supplier’s documentation. Reputable manufacturers produce RoHS-compliant 110 медь that meets global environmental standards (no lead, mercury, or other hazardous substances).
