If you’re an engineer, покупатель, or manufacturer looking for a reliable medium-carbon steel, 1045 cold rolled steel is likely on your radar. This versatile material balances strength, механизм, and cost—making it a top choice for everything from shafts to automotive parts. В этом руководстве, we’ll break down its key properties, fabrication tips, industry uses, and how to source it smartly.
1. Свойства материала & Grades: What Makes 1045 Cold Rolled Steel Unique?
1045 cold rolled steel is a medium-carbon alloy defined by its precise chemical composition and global equivalent grades. Let’s start with the basics:
Химический состав
The “45” in 1045 refers to itscarbon content (0.45%) —a sweet spot that gives it more strength than low-carbon steels (нравиться 1018) without sacrificing too much machinability. Here’s a full breakdown:
| Элемент | Контент диапазон | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Углерод (В) | 0.42–0.48% | Boosts strength and hardness |
| Марганец (Мнжен) | 0.60–0.90% | Improves tensile strength and toughness |
| Phosphorus (P) | Максимум 0.035% | Controlled to avoid brittleness |
| Sulfur (С) | Максимум 0.040% | Enhances machinability (free-cutting) |
Global Equivalent Grades
If you source from international suppliers, you’ll encounter these alternatives toАйси 1045 CR:
- DIN 1.1191 (Германия)
- JIS S45C (Japan)
- GB 45# (Китай)
- EN C45E (Европа)
- UNS G10450 (США)
Key Material Traits
- Микроструктура: Отлично ferrite-pearlite смешивание (from cold rolling), which improves surface finish and dimensional accuracy.
- Плотность: Standard for steel at 7.85 G/CM³ —easy to calculate weight for design.
- Рейтинг механизма: ~70 (против. 100 для 1215 сталь)—excellent for turning, фрезерование, and drilling without excessive tool wear.
- Сварка: Moderate—preheating to 200–300°C (392–572°F) предотвращает растрескивание, making it suitable for welded machine parts.
2. Механический & Физические свойства: Data You Can Trust for Design
When engineering components like axles or bolts, you need precise mechanical data. Below is a table of typical properties forcold rolled 1045 сталь (annealed condition):
| Свойство | Ценить | Test Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Предел прочности | 600–700 MPa (87–102 ksi) | ASTM A370 |
| Урожайность | 420–500 MPa (61–73 ksi) | ASTM A370 |
| Удлинение при перерыве | 15–20% | ASTM A370 |
| Reduction of Area | 40–50% | ASTM A370 |
| Твердость (HRB) | 80–90 | ASTM E18 |
| Твердость (HRC) | 17–22 (after quenching) | ASTM E18 |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) | ASTM E111 |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.29 | ASTM E111 |
Пример реального мира
A manufacturer ofhydraulic piston rods Использование 1045 CR because its high tensile strength (650 МПА) resists bending under pressure, while its lowresidual stresses after cold rolling ensures the rods stay straight during use. Аповерхностная отделка (RA 0,8-1,6 мкм) also reduces friction with seals—extending the rod’s lifespan by 30% compared to hot-rolled alternatives.
Other Critical Traits
- Impact Toughness: 20–30 J at room temperature (ASTM A370)—enough for non-extreme environments like agricultural machinery.
- Fatigue Strength: 250–300 MPa (36–44 ksi) for 10^6 cycles—ideal for rotating parts like gears and pinions.
- Размерные допуски: Обычно h9/h11 (Iso 286)—critical for parts that need tight fits, such as jigs and fixtures.
3. Обработка & Fabrication Techniques: How to Work With 1045 Cold Rolled Steel
1045 cold rolled steel responds well to most fabrication methods, but proper techniques ensure optimal results. Вот что вам нужно знать:
Primary Fabrication Methods
- Cold Rolling: The initial process that creates a smooth surface and tight tolerances. Unlike hot rolling, it’s done at room temperature—no scaling or warping.
- Обработка:
- Turning/Milling: Use high-speed steel (HSS) or carbide tools with cutting speeds of 15–25 m/min (50–80 ft/min) Для достижения наилучших результатов.
- Бурение: Pre-drill small pilot holes to prevent work hardening (common in medium-carbon steels).
- Термическая обработка:
- Отжиг: Heat to 815–845°C (1500–1550°F), hold 1–2 hours, cool slowly. Softens the steel for easier machining.
- Гашение & Отпуск: Heat to 830–860°C (1525–1580°F), quench in water/oil, then temper at 200–600°C (392–1112°F). Increases hardness to HRC 30–40 for high-wear parts like mining tools.
- Stress Relieving: Heat to 550–650°C (1022–1202°F) to reduce residual stresses after welding or machining.
Поверхностная отделка & Coatings
- Шлифование: Centerless grinding achieves Ra 0.4 μm for precision parts like spindles.
- Coatings: Zinc plating (для коррозионной стойкости) or black oxide (для эстетики) are common. A manufacturer of крепеж uses zinc-plated 1045 CR bolts for outdoor construction—they last 5+ years without rust.
4. Приложения & Промышленность: Where 1045 Cold Rolled Steel Shines
Thanks to its balanced properties, 1045 cold rolled steel is used across industries. Below are the most common applications, with real-world use cases:
| Промышленность | Приложения | Почему 1045 CR? |
|---|---|---|
| Автомобиль | Shafts, передачи, bolts | Высокая сила + Хорошая сварка |
| Construction Equipment | Hydraulic piston rods, conveyor rolls | Сопротивляется сгибанию + wear |
| Agriculture | Tractor axles, plow parts | Toughness for heavy loads |
| Машины | Jigs, светильники, die holders | Tight tolerances + механизм |
| Робототехника | Arm components, крепеж | Размерная стабильность |
Тематическое исследование: Automotive Gears
A leading car manufacturer switched from 1018 steel to1045 cold rolled bar for transmission gears. А 0.45% carbon content increased gear hardness by 25%, reducing wear and extending the transmission’s lifespan from 150,000 к 200,000 km. The cold-rolled surface also eliminated the need for extra grinding—cutting production time by 10%.
5. Стандарты, Сертификаты & Контроль качества: Ensuring You Get High-Quality Material
To avoid subpar steel, always check for compliance with global standards and quality certifications:
Key Standards
- ASTM A108: Specifies cold-finished carbon steel bars (includes 1045 cold finish).
- ASTM A29: Covers hot-rolled carbon steel bars (base material for cold rolling).
- В 10277: European standard for cold-finished steel (includes EN C45E).
- JIS G4051: Japanese standard for carbon steel for mechanical structures (includes JIS S45C).
Quality Certifications
- MTR (Mill Test Report): Verifies chemical composition and mechanical properties—ask suppliers for this.
- В 10204 3.1: A third-party certificate confirming compliance (critical for aerospace or medical parts).
- Iso 9001: Ensures the supplier follows quality management systems.
- RoHS/REACH Compliance: Mandatory for parts sold in the EU (restricts hazardous substances).
Quality Control Tests
- Ultrasonic Testing: Detects internal defects (НАПРИМЕР., трещины) in thick 1045 cold rolled plate.
- Magnetic Particle Inspection: Finds surface cracks in shafts or axles.
- Проверки размеров: Проверять straightness limits (максимум 1 mm/m) и допуски (per ASTM A484).
6. Market & Procurement Insights: How to Source 1045 Cold Rolled Steel
Sourcing1045 cold rolled steel wisely saves time and money. Below are key tips for buyers:
Pricing & MOQs
- Price per kg: $1.50–$3.00 (варьируется по размеру, количество, and region). Например, а 1045 cold rolled bar (20мм диаметр) costs ~$2.20/kg in the USA, против. ~$1.80/kg from Chinese suppliers.
- Price per meter: $5.00–$15.00 (depends on diameter/thickness).
- Могил (Minimum Order Quantity): Most suppliers require 100–500 kg for standard sizes; custom cuts may have higher MOQs.
Global Suppliers
- США: Nucor, Steel Dynamics (domestic mills with fast lead times: 1–2 недели).
- Китай: Baosteel, Wuhan Iron and Steel (low-cost options, lead times: 3–4 недели).
- Европа: ArcelorMittal, Thyssenkrupp (compliant with EN standards, lead times: 2–3 weeks).
Sourcing Tips
- Stock Sizes: Choose standard sizes (НАПРИМЕР., 10мм, 15мм, 20mm bars) to avoid custom fees.
- Упаковка: Ask for anti-rust oil and export packaging (wooden crates) to prevent damage during shipping.
- Incoterms: Использовать FOB (Free On Board) for cost control, или CIF (Расходы, Insurance, Freight) for hassle-free delivery.
- Tariff Codes: HS 7228.50 (cold-rolled carbon steel bars) —check local tariffs to avoid surprises.
Перспектива Yigu Technology
В Yigu Technology, Мы рекомендуем1045 cold rolled steel for customers needing a cost-effective, high-performance medium-carbon solution. Its machinability and strength make it ideal for custom machine components—we’ve used it to manufacture precisionshafts and die holders for automotive clients, reducing their production costs by 15% против. using higher-grade steels. We also prioritize suppliers withВ 10204 3.1 certification to ensure consistency, and offer custom cut-to-length services to meet small-batch needs.
Часто задаваемые вопросы
- Является 1045 cold rolled steel suitable for outdoor applications?
Да, but it requires corrosion protection (НАПРИМЕР., zinc plating or painting). Без покрытия 1045 CR will rust in moist environments, so we recommend coatings for outdoor parts like construction fasteners. - Can 1045 cold rolled steel be heat-treated to increase hardness?
Абсолютно. Quenching and tempering can raise its hardness to HRC 30–40, making it suitable for high-wear parts like gears and mining tools. Отжиг, напротив, softens it for easier machining. - What’s the difference between 1045 cold rolled and hot-rolled steel?
Cold-rolled 1045 has a smoother surface (RA 0,8-1,6 мкм), tighter tolerances (h9/h11), and higher strength. Hot-rolled 1045 is cheaper but has a rough surface and looser tolerances—best for non-precision parts like structural brackets.
