Silicone sealants are high-performance elastomeric materials based on polydimethicone (PDMS). By blending PDMS with crosslinkers, preenchimentos, and catalysts, they cure into flexible, durable sealing layers—either at room temperature or with heat. Their exceptional weather resistance, Estabilidade química, and adhesion make them indispensable across industries. But how do you classify them, choose the right type for your project, e evitar erros comuns?
1. Classification of Silicone Sealants: A Clear Comparison
Silicone sealants are categorized by three core factors: componente, curing mechanism, e função. The table below simplifies these classifications to help you identify the right fit:
| Classification Basis | Tipo | Principais características | Casos de uso ideais |
| By Component | Single-component | No mixing needed; cures by absorbing air moisture; fácil de usar | Quick repairs (Por exemplo, home sink waterproofing), small-area construction (Por exemplo, glass fish tank gluing) |
| Two-component | Requires mixing Component A (silicon hydroxyl group) e Component B (silane crosslinker); deep curing ability | Large-scale engineering (Por exemplo, curtain wall sealing), high-demand projects (Por exemplo, high-temperature pipe joints) | |
| By Curing Mechanism | Condensation-type | Releases small-molecule by-products (Por exemplo, etanol) durante a cura; needs ventilation | Construção Geral (Por exemplo, concrete expansion joints), non-food/medical scenarios |
| Additive-type | No by-products; ecológico; atende aos rígidos padrões de segurança | Food-grade applications (Por exemplo, food machinery sealing), dispositivos médicos (Por exemplo, skin-contact parts) | |
| By Functional Feature | General-purpose | Balanced basic properties (adhesion, flexibilidade) | Daily home maintenance (Por exemplo, sanitary ware installation) |
| Retardente da chama | Passes fire safety tests; inhibits combustion | Equipamento elétrico (Por exemplo, circuit board coating), building fire barriers | |
| Thermally conductive | Transfers heat efficiently; maintains insulation | Componentes eletrônicos (Por exemplo, heat sink gaskets) | |
| Alta resistência | Superior tensile and shear resistance | Structural joints (Por exemplo, automotive body welds) | |
| Low-volatility | Minimal volatile organic compounds (Vocs) | Indoor sensitive environments (Por exemplo, hospital operating rooms) |
2. Core Performance Characteristics: Why Silicone Sealants Stand Out
What makes silicone sealants superior to other sealing materials (Por exemplo, acrílico, poliuretano)? Their performance advantages are rooted in their chemical structure, como mostrado abaixo:
- Broad-Spectrum Temperature Resistance: Withstands extreme temperatures from -60°C to +250°C (short-term up to 300°C). This makes them ideal for outdoor pipelines, engine compartments, and other high/low-temperature alternating environments—unlike acrylic sealants, which crack at -20°C.
- Long-Lasting Aging Resistance: Resists UV radiation, ozone, umidade, and salt spray. In outdoor applications (Por exemplo, paredes de cortina), their service life exceeds 10 anos—far longer than polyurethane sealants (3–5 anos).
- Reliable Electrical Insulation: Boasts a high breakdown voltage (>20kV/mm) and stable dielectric constant. It protects electrical components (Por exemplo, transformadores) from moisture and dust without compromising insulation.
- Balanced Flexibility & Adesão: Depois de cura, it maintains adjustable Dureza da costa (20–80A) and can withstand up to 500% elongation without cracking. It adheres firmly to metals, vidro, cerâmica, and plastics—even with thermal expansion or vibration.
- Biocompatibilidade: Medical-grade silicone sealants meet FDA standards, supporting skin contact and short-term implantation (Por exemplo, Juntas de dispositivos médicos). No other common sealant material offers this combination of safety and performance.
3. Step-by-Step Application Guide: Ensure Success Every Time
Improper application can ruin even the best silicone sealant. Follow this linear, easy-to-follow process to achieve a durable seal:
Etapa 1: Preparação de superfície (Critical for Adhesion)
- Clean the substrate (metal, vidro, etc.) with a solvent (Por exemplo, acetona) Para remover o óleo, pó, and release agent residues.
- Dry the surface completely—moisture on non-porous substrates (Por exemplo, vidro) will weaken adhesion.
- For low-adhesion substrates (Por exemplo, some plastics), apply a special primer and let it dry for 15–30 minutes before applying the sealant.
Etapa 2: Sealant Application (Control Thickness & Forma)
- Load the sealant into a caulking gun. For single-component types, cut the nozzle at a 45° angle to match the joint width.
- Apply the sealant in a continuous, even bead. O single-application thickness should not exceed 6mm—thicker layers will not cure completely internally, leading to soft spots.
- Use a tool (Por exemplo, a silicone smoothing tool) to shape the bead within 5–10 minutes (before surface curing) for a neat finish.
Etapa 3: Cura & Post-Care (Evite armadilhas comuns)
- Let the sealant cure in a well-ventilated area. Observação: High humidity speeds up surface drying but slows deep curing—allow 24–48 hours for full curing (longer in cold/dry conditions).
- Avoid touching or disturbing the sealant during curing.
- Clean up uncured sealant with acetone; cured sealant must be cut or scraped off.
4. Guia de seleção: Match Sealant to Your Exact Needs
Choosing the wrong silicone sealant wastes time and money. Use this table to align the product with your scenario:
| Demand Scenario | Recommended Sealant Type | Key Performance Indicators to Check |
| Interior decoration (Por exemplo, quadros de janela, sanitary ware) | Neutral single-component | Não corrosivo, baixo odor, Shore hardness 30–50A |
| High-temperature pipe sealing (Por exemplo, industrial boilers) | High-modulus two-component (additive-type) | Resistência ao calor >200° c, resistência à tracção >3MPA |
| Componentes eletrônicos (Por exemplo, placas de circuito, sensores) | Additive flame-retardant grade | CTI insulation rating ≥600V, flame retardancy UL94 V-0 |
| Food machinery repair (Por exemplo, Cintos transportadores, tank joints) | FDA-certified transparent | Complies with GB/T national food safety standards, no VOCs |
| Outdoor construction (Por exemplo, paredes de cortina, roof joints) | Weather-resistant two-component | Resistência a UV >10 anos, salt spray resistance >5000 horas |
5. Common Misconceptions: Debunking Myths
Many users make mistakes due to false assumptions. Below are three key myths and the facts:
- Mito 1: “All silicone sealants are high-temperature resistant.”
Fato: Temperature resistance depends on the formula. Normal-grade sealants only work below 80°C—only high-temperature grades (Por exemplo, phenyl silicone-based) handle 200°C+.
- Mito 2: “Acid glass glue = silicone sealant.”
Fato: Acidic glass glue is a type of silicone sealant but contains acetic acid. It is highly corrosive and cannot be used on metals (causes rust) or marble (etches surfaces). Choose neutral silicone for these substrates.
- Mito 3: “Thicker application = better sealing.”
Fato: Excessive thickness (>6milímetros) causes incomplete internal curing, leading to poor durability. For wide joints, apply multiple thin layers (allowing each to cure partially) em vez de.
6. Yigu Technology’s Perspective on Silicone Sealants
Na tecnologia Yigu, we view silicone sealants as “invisible protectors” for infrastructure and products. Para clientes automotivos, nosso high-strength two-component sealants reduce body weld corrosion by 80% and withstand engine compartment temperatures up to 250°C. For medical device manufacturers, nosso FDA-certified additive-type sealants meet strict biocompatibility standards, supporting safe skin contact and short-term implantation.
Olhando para frente, we will focus on two innovations: 1) Developing low-VOC eco-friendly sealants to cut carbon emissions by 25% e 2) Enhancing the thermal conductivity of electronic-grade sealants to improve heat dissipation efficiency by 30%. Our goal is to make silicone sealants more sustainable, confiável, and tailored to industry-specific needs.
Perguntas frequentes
- How long does silicone sealant take to fully cure, and what affects curing time?
Full curing takes 24–48 hours under standard conditions (25° c, 50% umidade). High humidity accelerates surface drying but slows deep curing; baixas temperaturas (<10° c) extend curing time to 72+ horas. Always check the product datasheet for specific times.
- Can silicone sealant be painted over, and if so, como?
Most silicone sealants are non-paintable due to their smooth surface. For paintable needs, choose “paintable silicone sealants” (formulated with special additives). Espere 72 hours for full curing, then use acrylic or latex paint—avoid oil-based paints (they peel off).
- How to store unused silicone sealant to extend its shelf life?
Seal the nozzle tightly (use a cap or tape) and store in a cool, Lugar seco (5–25 ° C.) away from heat sources and strong oxidants. Unopened single-component sealants have a shelf life of 12 meses; opened ones should be used within 1 mês. Two-component sealants must be stored separately to prevent premature curing.