Os protótipos são essenciais para validar designs de produtos, mas seus preços podem variar drasticamente - de 50 yuan para dezenas de milhares de yuans por peça. Compreender os fatores que impulsionam essas diferenças de preços e como estimar os custos com precisão ajuda as empresas a otimizar orçamentos e evitar gastos excessivos. Este artigo detalha as faixas de preço dos tipos de protótipos comuns, core cost-influencing factors, and practical tips for cost reduction, with clear tables and examples to simplify decision-making.
1. Price Ranges of Common Prototype Types
Different prototype technologies and materials target distinct use cases, leading to significant price gaps. Below is a detailed breakdown of typical prices for mainstream options.
1.1 Prototype Price by Technology & Material
| Prototype Type | Material/Process | Unit Price Range (CNY) | Weight/Size Reference | Applicable Scenarios |
| 3D Printing Prototype | PLA/ABS Plastic | 50 – 200 / piece | 100 – 500g; peças pequenas (por exemplo, 10cm×10cm×5cm) | Appearance verification (por exemplo, plastic housing mockups) |
| Resina (Photosensitive) | 200 – 800 / piece | 50 – 300g; high-detail parts | Fine-surface prototypes (por exemplo, invólucros de dispositivos eletrônicos) | |
| CNC Machining Prototype | Liga de alumínio (6061) | 300 – 800 / piece | Peças simples (por exemplo, 15cm×8cm×5cm cubes) | Functional testing (por exemplo, dissipadores de calor, suportes estruturais) |
| Aço inoxidável (304) | 800 – 2,000 / piece | Partes complexas (superfícies curvas, tópicos) | Corrosion-resistant components (por exemplo, luminárias industriais) | |
| Copper/Zinc Alloy | 1,000 – 3,000 / piece | Medium-size parts (por exemplo, 20cm×10cm×8cm) | High-conductivity parts (por exemplo, conectores elétricos) | |
| Metal 3D Printing Prototype | Aço inoxidável | 800 – 3,000 / piece | 50 – 200g; intricate structures | Geometrias complexas (por exemplo, cavidades internas, lattice parts) |
| Liga de titânio | 3,000 – 5,000+ / piece | 30 – 150g; peças de alto desempenho | Dispositivos médicos, componentes aeroespaciais | |
| Silicone Duplicate Prototype | Silicone + Material Básico (Plastic/Metal) | 100 – 500 / piece | Same as original prototype | Small-batch reproduction (5 – 50 pedaços; no mold needed) |
| Sheet Metal Prototype | Cold-Rolled Steel/Aluminum | 500 – 3,000 / piece | Peças grandes (por exemplo, 50cm×30cm×10cm casings) | Metal enclosures, chassis (por exemplo, server racks, equipment housings) |
1.2 Price Comparison: Prototyping vs. Mass Production
Many businesses wonder when to switch from prototyping to mass production. The table below highlights cost differences:
| Production Stage | Tecnologia | Unit Price (CNY) | Quantidade mínima (Minimum Order Quantity) | Melhor para |
| Prototipagem | Usinagem CNC | 300 – 2,000 | 1 – 10 pedaços | Design iterations, small-scale testing |
| 3Impressão D | 50 – 800 | 1 – 20 pedaços | Rapid design validation | |
| Mass Production | Moldagem por injeção | 100 – 300 | 50+ pedaços (requires mold) | Large-volume plastic parts (por exemplo, eletrônicos de consumo) |
| Fundição sob pressão | 200 – 500 | 100+ pedaços (requires mold) | Large-volume metal parts (por exemplo, auto components) |
2. Core Factors Influencing Prototype Prices
Prototype costs are not arbitrary—they are driven by five key factors. Understanding these helps you adjust requirements to fit budgets.
2.1 Factor Breakdown with Cost Impact
| Fator | Descrição | Cost Impact Example | How to Adjust to Reduce Costs |
| Custo de materiais | Raw material prices vary by type and purity. | – Plástico (ABS): Baixo custo (100 – 500 CNY/piece)- Liga de titânio: High cost (3,000+ CNY/piece) | Use cost-effective alternatives (por exemplo, aluminum instead of titanium for non-critical parts) |
| Process Complexity | Simple structures (cubes) contra. complex designs (superfícies curvas, thin walls ≤1mm). | – Simple CNC part: 300 CNY- 5-axis CNC part (complex curves): 1,500 CNY (5x higher) | Avoid unnecessary features (por exemplo, buracos profundos, ultra-thin walls); simplify geometries |
| Size & Precisão | Larger parts require more material; tolerâncias mais rigorosas (± 0,05 mm versus. ±0,1 mm) need more time. | – Tolerância de ±0,1 mm (CNC): 500 CNY- Tolerância de ±0,05 mm (CNC): 800 CNY (60% mais alto) | Use standard tolerances (±0,1 mm) for non-critical dimensions; split large parts if possible |
| Tratamento de superfície | Basic (polimento) contra. high-demand (galvanoplastia, anodization) tratamentos. | – Polimento: +50 – 200 CNY/piece- Anodization + laser engraving: +300 – 600 CNY/piece | Choose basic treatments for internal/non-visible parts; skip electroplating if corrosion resistance isn’t needed |
| Quantity | Single-piece vs. pedidos de pequenos lotes (suppliers offer discounts for volume). | – 1 CNC part: 1,000 CNY- 5 CNC parts: 3,500 CNY (30% lower per piece) | Consolidate orders (por exemplo, order 5 pieces for design iterations instead of 1 de cada vez) |
3. Practical Tips for Reducing Prototype Costs
Cost optimization doesn’t mean sacrificing quality—it means making strategic choices. Below are actionable tips to lower expenses.
3.1 Design Optimization Strategies
- Simplify Geometries: Remove non-functional details (por exemplo, decorative grooves) that increase machining time. Por exemplo, a cube-shaped prototype costs 300 CNY, while the same size with curved edges costs 500 CNY.
- Merge Parts: Combine multiple small parts into one (por exemplo, an integrated bracket instead of 3 separate pieces) to reduce assembly and machining steps—saves 20 – 30% on labor and material waste.
- Standardize Sizes: Use common material sizes (por exemplo, 10cm×20cm aluminum sheets) to avoid cutting large blocks into small pieces (reduz o desperdício de materiais 15 – 25%).
3.2 Processo & Supplier Selection Tips
- Match Process to Needs: Use 3D printing (50 – 200 CNY) for appearance checks instead of CNC (300+ CNY). Reserve CNC for functional prototypes that require high strength.
- Choose Local Suppliers: Suppliers in clusters like Shenzhen or Dongguan have mature supply chains—logistics costs are 10 – 20% lower than non-cluster areas, and communication is faster (fewer delays from misinterpretation).
- Negotiate for Small Batches: Ask suppliers for “iteration discounts”—many offer 30 – 50% off unit prices when ordering 5 – 10 pedaços (contra. 1 piece).
3.3 Quick Cost Estimation Formula
For preliminary budget planning, use these simple formulas based on prototype type:
- 3Impressão D (PLA/ABS): Cost ≈ (Weight in grams × 0.5 CNY/g) + 50 CNY (setup fee)
Exemplo: A 200g part ≈ (200×0.5) + 50 = 150 CNY
- Usinagem CNC (Alumínio): Cost ≈ (Machining time in hours × 100 CNY/hour) + Material cost
Exemplo: 3-hour machining + 200 CNY material ≈ 3×100 + 200 = 500 CNY
4. Step-by-Step Guide to Getting Accurate Quotes
To avoid unexpected costs, follow this process when requesting quotes from suppliers.
4.1 Quote Request Checklist
- Provide Detailed 3D Drawings: Submit STEP, IGS, or STL files (not just 2D sketches) to avoid size/shape misinterpretation.
- Clarify Key Requirements:
- Material (por exemplo, “ABS plastic, 3mm thickness”)
- Precisão (por exemplo, “±0.1mm for external dimensions, ±0.2mm for internal”)
- Tratamento de superfície (por exemplo, “matte painting, no logos”)
- Quantity (por exemplo, “1 piece for testing, 5 pieces for iteration”)
- Ask for a Breakdown: Request suppliers to split costs into material, usinagem, tratamento de superfície, and setup fees—this helps identify areas to cut (por exemplo, if surface treatment is 40% of the cost, you can opt for a cheaper alternative).
- Compare 2 – 3 Fornecedores: Don’t choose the cheapest option blindly—balance price with delivery time (por exemplo, um 10% higher quote with a 3-day turnaround may be better than a low quote with a 2-week wait).
Yigu Technology’s Viewpoint
For prototype pricing, balance between cost and purpose is key. Yigu Technology suggests businesses first define prototype goals: if it’s just appearance verification, 3Impressão D (50 – 200 CNY) is sufficient; if it’s functional testing, Usinagem CNC (300 – 2,000 CNY) is worth the investment. Material selection should align with use cases—avoid overspending on titanium alloy for non-critical parts when aluminum works. Adicionalmente, working with suppliers who offer one-stop services (usinagem + tratamento de superfície) reduces hidden costs from outsourcing. Finalmente, plan for small batches (5 – 10 pedaços) to leverage volume discounts, even if you only need 1 piece immediately—this saves money on future iterations.
Perguntas frequentes
- Why is metal 3D printing so much more expensive than CNC machining for the same material?
Metal 3D printing uses high-cost equipment (SLM/DMLS machines) and powdered materials (por exemplo, titanium powder is 10x more expensive than solid titanium). It also takes longer to build parts layer by layer, increasing labor and energy costs. Usinagem CNC, por contraste, removes material from solid blocks quickly—better for simple to moderately complex parts.
- Can I reduce prototype costs by using cheaper materials without affecting testing results?
Sim, if you choose alternatives with similar key properties. Por exemplo:
- Use ABS plastic (baixo custo) instead of PC plastic (alto custo) for appearance prototypes (both have similar visual qualities).
- Use aluminum alloy (6061) instead of stainless steel (304) for structural tests if corrosion resistance isn’t a factor (both have comparable strength for prototypes).
- How much does surface treatment typically add to the total prototype cost?
It depends on the treatment type:
- Basic polishing or simple painting: 10 – 30% of the base machining cost (por exemplo, 50 – 200 CNY added to a 500 CNY CNC part).
- High-demand treatments (anodization + galvanoplastia): 50 – 100% of the base cost (por exemplo, 500 – 1,000 CNY added to a 1,000 CNY stainless steel part).
Always ask suppliers for a breakdown to decide if the treatment is necessary for your testing goals.