O que torna a placa média de alumínio fundido sob pressão um material chave para fabricação de alta tecnologia?

Die casting aluminum medium plate is a specialized aluminum component produced via high-pressure die casting, combinando as vantagens inerentes do alumínio (leve, resistência à corrosão) com a precisão e integridade estrutural da fundição sob pressão. Ao contrário das placas de alumínio padrão, possui espessuras personalizáveis (normalmente 2–20 mm), capacidades estruturais complexas, and strict performance metrics—making it indispensable for industries ranging from consumer electronics to automotive. This article breaks down its core characteristics, material formulations, fluxo de trabalho de produção, cenários de aplicação, and industry trends, helping you leverage its potential for high-quality manufacturing.

1. Core Characteristics & Vantagens

Die casting aluminum medium plate stands out for its unique blend of performance and versatility. Below is a 总分结构 explaining its key traits, supported by specific data and comparative analysis:

1.1 Standout Properties

These properties address critical manufacturing needs, distinguishing it from traditional aluminum plates:

• Leve & Alta resistência: Combines aluminum’s low density (2.7 g/cm³) with die casting-induced structural density. High-modulus formulations (with Si, mg, Mn) alcançar elastic modulus 80–90 GPa, tensile strength 300–360 MPa, e elongation ≥2.0% —outperforming standard aluminum plates (tensile strength 150–250 MPa).
• Excellent Physical Performance: Boasts thermal conductivity of 180–220 W/(m·K) (ideal for heat dissipation) and electrical conductivity of 30–40% IACS (suitable for electromagnetic shielding). Its natural oxide layer provides inherent corrosion resistance, withstanding 48-hour salt spray testing (per ASTM B117) without rust.
• High Customization: Supports multi-cavity mold production (até 8 cavities per mold) for high-volume needs and personalized structural designs (por exemplo, integrated ribs, buracos, or thin-walled sections down to 0.5 milímetros).

1.2 Advantage Over Traditional Materials

The table below contrasts die casting aluminum medium plate with standard aluminum plates and steel plates:

2. Material Formulation & Preparation Process

The performance of die casting aluminum medium plate depends on precise material 配比 and strict process control. Abaixo está uma análise detalhada:

2.1 Key Material Formulations

Two primary alloy systems dominate, cada um adaptado a necessidades específicas:

2.2 Critical Preparation Steps

The production process follows a linear, rigorous workflow to ensure quality:

1. Smelting Control:

• Heat aluminum ingots to 650–700°C in a ceramic-lined furnace (to avoid iron contamination).
• Add alloying elements in stages: Si first (melts at 1414°C), then Mg/Mn (low melting points), and finally rare earths/Nb (to refine grains).
• Refine with argon gas (taxa de fluxo: 5 L/min) para 15 minutes to remove hydrogen (≤0.15 mL/100g Al) and skim dross (oxide waste) to ensure purity.

2. Die Casting Parameters:

• Temperatura do molde: 180–220ºC (lower than conventional die casting to accelerate cooling and densify microstructure).
• Pressão de injeção: 80–120 MPa (higher than standard die casting to fill thin sections).
• Pressão de retenção: 50–70 MPa (maintained for 10–20 seconds to prevent shrinkage).

3. Post-Treatment:

• Aparar: CNC trimming (tolerance ±0.03 mm) to remove sprues and runners.
• Tratamento de superfície: Options include electroplating (Ni/Cr: 5–10 μm thickness for aesthetics), electrophoresis (transparent/colored coatings: 10–15 μm for corrosion resistance), ou polimento (Ra ≤0.8 μm for high-gloss applications).
• Quality Testing: 100% inspeção dimensional (via CMM) and random metallographic analysis (to verify grain size ≤50 μm).

3. Key Application Scenarios

Die casting aluminum medium plate serves diverse high-demand industries, each leveraging its unique properties:

3.1 Eletrônicos de consumo

• 5G Phone Midboards: Acts as the internal support structure, requiring high stiffness (E≥80 GPa) to withstand drop impacts (para GB/T 35465-2020) and thin thickness (2–3 mm) for device slimness. High-modulus alloys meet these needs, with integrated electromagnetic shielding to reduce signal interference.
• Computer Chassis Brackets: Provides structural support while integrating heat dissipation channels (thermal conductivity ≥180 W/(m·K)) to cool CPUs/GPUs. Its lightweight design reduces overall device weight by 20–30% vs. steel brackets.

3.2 Indústria Automotiva

• EV Battery Brackets: Secures lithium-ion batteries, requiring high strength (tensile strength ≥300 MPa) e resistência à corrosão (to withstand battery electrolyte exposure). ADC12 alloy variants are cost-effective for high-volume production (100,000+ unidades/ano).
• Body Components: Used in door frames and roof brackets, reducing vehicle weight by 10–15% (critical for EV range) and improving crash safety (energy absorption ≥20 kJ/m²).

3.3 Industrial & Iluminação

• LED Heat Sinks: Utilizes thermal conductivity (180–220 W/(m·K)) to dissipate heat from high-power LEDs (100–200 W), preventing overheating and extending LED lifespan to 50,000+ horas.
• Industrial Equipment Frames: Combines lightweight (reducing equipment transport costs) with stiffness (E≥75 GPa) to support heavy machinery components (por exemplo, carcaças de bombas).

4. Controle de qualidade & Testing Standards

Strict quality control ensures consistent performance. Below is a list of key tests and standards:

• Chemical Composition Analysis: Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) verifies element content (tolerance ±0.1% for Si/Mg).
• Mechanical Testing: Teste de tração (per ASTM E8) for strength/elongation, and flexural testing (per ASTM D790) for stiffness.
• Microstructure Inspection: Metallographic analysis (4% nitric acid etch) to check for grain size (≤50 μm) and precipitated phase distribution (uniform Mg₂Si particles).
• Non-Destructive Testing: X-ray flaw detection (per ASTM E186) to identify internal porosity (≤2% volume), and eddy current testing (per ASTM E2434) for surface defects (por exemplo, rachaduras, pits).

5. Industry Trends & Future Outlook

Three trends are shaping the evolution of die casting aluminum medium plate:

1. Technological Innovation: Fundição sob pressão semissólida (SSDC SSDC) is gaining traction—processing aluminum at 50–60% solid fraction to enhance strength (tensile strength +15–20% vs. conventional die casting) and reduce porosity. This makes it suitable for high-load EV components (por exemplo, suportes de suspensão).
2. Green Manufacturing:

• Eco-Friendly Surface Treatments: Water-based electrophoresis replaces solvent-based paints, cutting VOC emissions by 40%.
• Recycled Aluminum: Use of post-consumer recycled aluminum (PCR) is rising, with targets of 50% PCR content by 2026 (reducing energy consumption by 95% contra. virgin aluminum production).

3. Cross-Field Expansion: Demand is growing in AI (high-power chip heat sinks) and drones (lightweight structural parts for extended flight time). Emerging applications in medical devices (por exemplo, caixas de equipamentos de diagnóstico) leverage its biocompatibility (para ISO 10993-1).

Yigu Technology’s Perspective

Na tecnologia Yigu, we see die casting aluminum medium plate as a cornerstone of lightweight, fabricação de alta precisão. For 5G clients, we use high-modulus alloys (Si=20%, Nb=0.15%) to produce phone midboards with E=85 GPa and ±0.03 mm dimensional accuracy—meeting strict drop test standards. For EV clients, our semi-solid die casting process delivers battery brackets with 340 MPa tensile strength and <1% porosidade. We also prioritize sustainability: 40% of our aluminum is recycled, and we use water-based electrophoresis to cut emissions. Ultimately, this material isn’t just about performance—it’s about enabling greener, more innovative products across industries.

Perguntas frequentes

1. What is the typical thickness range of die casting aluminum medium plate?

It ranges from 2 mm para 20 milímetros, with customization possible for specific needs. Thin plates (2–5mm) are used for 5G phone midboards and LED heat sinks, while thicker plates (10–20mm) suit automotive structural parts (por exemplo, suportes de bateria) and industrial equipment frames.

2. Can die casting aluminum medium plate be welded or machined post-production?

Yes—its weldability (via TIG welding, per AWS D1.2) makes it suitable for assembly, though high-modulus alloys may require pre-heating (150–200ºC) to avoid cracking. It also machines well with carbide tools, achieving Ra ≤0.8 μm surface finish via CNC milling.

3. What is the lead time for die casting aluminum medium plate production?

For standard alloys (por exemplo, ADC12) with existing molds, o prazo de entrega é 7–10 dias para pequenos lotes (1,000–5.000 unidades). For custom high-modulus alloys or new molds, lead time extends to 4–6 semanas (including mold design, testando, and production ramp-up).