A usinagem CNC de furos saltados é uma técnica crítica de solução de problemas e otimização em processos de perfuração/rosqueamento de precisão, permitindo que os fabricantes pulem posições específicas de furos durante a produção, seja para corrigir problemas de depuração do primeiro artigo, adaptar-se às mudanças de design, ou retrabalhar furos defeituosos. No entanto, escolher o método de pular errado pode levar a erros de programa, colisões de ferramentas, ou até mesmo peças descartadas. This article breaks down core definitions, 5 mainstream implementation methods, selection strategies, and safety tips to help you apply this technique efficiently and safely.
1. What Exactly Is CNC Skipping Holes Machining?
Em sua essência, CNC skipping holes machining refers to the process of intentionally omitting the machining of one or more pre-programmed hole positions in a CNC drilling, tocando, or boring operation. Below is a 总分 structure explaining its key purposes and application scenarios:
1.1 Key Purposes
- First-Article Debugging: When testing a new program, skip holes that show defects (por exemplo, misalignment, excessive depth) to avoid wasting time on reworking the entire workpiece.
- Process Adaptation: Skip holes that are no longer needed due to design changes (por exemplo, a customer modifies a part to remove 2 fora de 10 furos de montagem) without rewriting the entire program.
- Rework & Repair: For batch parts with individual hole defects (por exemplo, a tapped hole with stripped threads), skip intact holes and only reprocess defective ones—saving material and labor.
1.2 Typical Application Scenarios
| Scenario | Exemplo | Why Skipping Holes Is Critical |
| Automotive Part Production | Perfuração 20 mounting holes on a car chassis; 1 hole is misaligned in the first article. | Skipping the misaligned hole avoids re-drilling all 20 buracos, cutting debugging time by 80%. |
| Electronics Enclosure Machining | Tocando 12 screw holes on a laptop case; the design is updated to 10 holes mid-production. | Skipping the 2 extra holes eliminates the need to create a new program, maintaining production continuity. |
| Aerospace Component Rework | Tedioso 5 precision holes on a turbine bracket; 1 hole has surface roughness issues. | Skipping the 4 intact holes and reworking only the defective one ensures the high-value part is salvaged (costing $1,000+ to replace). |
2. 5 Mainstream CNC Skipping Holes Methods: Comparação & Operation Guide
Choosing the right skipping method depends on equipment type, program complexity, and scenario needs. Abaixo está um detalhado comparison table of the 5 most common methods, plus step-by-step operation tips:
| Method | Core Principle | Operation Steps | Vantagens | Limitações | Ideal Scenarios |
| 1. K Parameter Control | Modify the K value (number of machining cycles) after a cycle instruction (por exemplo, G81 for drilling) to set the target hole to “zero cycles” (sem usinagem). | 1. Locate the cycle instruction for the hole to skip (por exemplo, G81 X100 Y50 Z-20 K1). 2. Change the K value from 1 para 0 (G81 X100 Y50 Z-20 K0). 3. Run the program—this hole will be skipped. | – No need to modify program structure. – Fast to implement (takes 10-20 segundos). | – Only works with cycle instructions (not for standalone G-codes). – Limited to skipping individual holes (hard to skip multiple non-consecutive holes). | Temporarily skipping 1-2 individual holes in batch drilling/tapping. |
| 2. Single Section Function | Use the machine tool’s “Single Section” (or “Block Skip”) mode to manually pause the program after machining intact holes, then resume from the next hole. | 1. Start the program and let it machine holes before the target skip hole. 2. Press the “Single Section” button when the tool approaches the skip hole. 3. The program pauses after each block—skip the block for the target hole by pressing “Start” to jump to the next block. 4. Exit “Single Section” mode after passing the skip hole to resume normal operation. | – No program modifications needed. – Works with any type of hole machining (perfuração, tocando, tedioso). | – Requires manual oversight (can’t be used in unattended machining). – Risk of human error (por exemplo, skipping the wrong block). | Small-batch rework (1-5 peças) or first-article debugging with frequent adjustments. |
| 3. Skip Symbol “/” | Add the “/” symbol before the program block of the hole to skip; enable the “Jump Section” switch on the machine panel to activate skipping. | 1. Locate the program block for the skip hole (por exemplo, N120 G81 X80 Y60 Z-15 F100). 2. Add “/” at the start of the block (/N120 G81 X80 Y60 Z-15 F100). 3. Turn on the “Jump Section” switch on the machine operation panel. 4. Run the program—blocks with “/” are automatically skipped. | – Flexível (add/remove “/” easily). – No impact on program logic (remove “/” to resume machining the hole later). | – Requires the machine to support the “Jump Section” function (older models may not have it). – Can’t skip multiple consecutive blocks with a single symbol (need to add “/” to each block). | Skipping non-consecutive holes in medium-complexity programs (por exemplo, 5-15 buracos). |
| 4. Macro Program GOTO n | Use um macro program with conditional judgment (por exemplo, IF statements) and the GOTO n command to jump directly to the program segment after the skip hole. | 1. Identify the target skip hole’s program segment (por exemplo, N150) and the segment to jump to (por exemplo, N200). 2. Insert a conditional jump command before N150: IF [#1=1] GOTO 200 (where #1 is a macro variable; set #1=1 to activate skipping). 3. Mark the jump target with N200 at the start of the next hole’s segment. 4. Set #1=1 on the machine’s macro variable panel—run the program to skip N150. | – Supports complex logic (por exemplo, skip holes based on sensor data like hole depth). – Can skip multiple consecutive or non-consecutive holes. | – Requires knowledge of macro programming (steep learning curve for beginners). – Risk of logic errors (por exemplo, incorrect jump targets cause program crashes). | Complex scenarios (por exemplo, skipping holes based on real-time machining data, or skipping 3+ non-consecutive holes). |
| 5. Edit Mode + Segmented Operation | Use the machine’s Edit Mode to locate the program segment after the skip hole, then use arrow keys to jump directly to that segment and resume machining. | 1. Switch the machine to Edit Mode. 2. Use the “Search” function or arrow keys to find the program segment immediately after the skip hole (por exemplo, if skipping N180, find N190). 3. Switch back to Auto Mode and press “Start”—the program resumes from N190. | – Works on all CNC machines (no special functions needed). – No program modifications (safe for beginners). | – Time-consuming for multiple skips (each skip requires manual navigation). – Risk of losing position reference if not done carefully. | Emergency scenarios (por exemplo, the machine’s “Jump Section” function fails, or the program has no cycle instructions). |
3. Key Selection Strategies: Choose the Right Method for Your Needs
To avoid inefficiency or errors, follow this step-by-step selection guide based on 3 critical factors:
3.1 Fator 1: Machine Tool Functionality
- If your CNC machine has a “Jump Section” switch (common on Fanuc, Siemens models), prioritize the Skip Symbol “/” método (fast and flexible).
- If your machine lacks special functions (older manual CNC lathes/mills), usar Edit Mode + Segmented Operation (no extra features needed).
- If your machine supports macro programming (por exemplo, Mitsubishi M80, Haas), usar GOTO n Macro Program for complex skipping logic.
3.2 Fator 2: Program Complexity
- Para simple programs (10 or fewer holes, all using cycle instructions), usar K Parameter Control (fastest to implement).
- Para complex programs (20+ buracos, mixed drilling/tapping/boring), usar Skip Symbol “/” (easy to mark multiple holes) ou GOTO n Macro Program (dynamic adjustments).
3.3 Fator 3: Production Scenario
- Unattended Machining: Avoid methods requiring manual oversight (Single Section, Edit Mode). Usar K Parameter Control ou Skip Symbol “/” (automatic skipping).
- First-Article Debugging: Usar Single Section Function (easy to adjust skips on the fly) ou Edit Mode (safe for testing).
- Batch Rework: Usar Skip Symbol “/” (mark defective holes once, apply to all parts) ou GOTO n Macro Program (skip multiple holes with one setting).
4. Critical Safety & Quality Tips
Even with the right method, ignoring safety and quality checks can lead to costly mistakes. Siga estes key guidelines:
4.1 Safety Precautions
- Position Verification: Before skipping a hole, confirm the tool’s current position (via the machine’s coordinate display) to avoid jumping to the wrong segment (risk of tool collision).
- Tool Consistency: When using the Single Section Function ou Edit Mode, do not change tools midway—this disrupts the tool length compensation and causes depth errors.
- Emergency Stop Readiness: Keep your hand near the “Emergency Stop” button when testing a new skipping method—stop immediately if the tool moves abnormally.
4.2 Verificações de qualidade
- Hole Position Marking: Physically mark skip holes on the workpiece (with a marker) to avoid confusion (por exemplo, skipping hole #5 instead of hole #6).
- Post-Skipping Calibration: After skipping holes, run a quick test on the next hole (por exemplo, check depth, diâmetro) to ensure the program resumes correctly—this catches position drift early.
- Documentação: Record the skipping method, hole numbers, and reason (por exemplo, “Skipped hole #3 através de / symbol—design change”) in the production log—critical for traceability (especially in aerospace/medical industries).
Yigu Technology’s Perspective on CNC Skipping Holes Machining
Na tecnologia Yigu, we see CNC skipping holes machining as a “efficiency lifeline” for precision manufacturing—yet many manufacturers underutilize it or use the wrong method. We advocate a “method-matching” approach: 1) Analyze the scenario (debugging vs. retrabalhar) and machine capabilities (macro support vs. basic functions) to recommend the best method; 2) Train operators to use Skip Symbol “/” e K Parameter Control primeiro (most versatile for 80% of scenarios); 3) For complex aerospace/medical parts, develop custom macro programs to automate skipping (reducing human error by 90%). We also integrate real-time position monitoring into our CNC solutions—alerting operators if the tool deviates from the expected path during skipping, ensuring safety and quality.
Perguntas frequentes (Frequently Asked Questions)
- P: Can I use the K Parameter Control method to skip multiple non-consecutive holes (por exemplo, buracos #2 e #7 in a 10-hole program)?
UM: Sim, but you need to modify the K value for each hole individually (set K=0 for both hole #2 e #7). This works best for 2-3 non-consecutive holes; for more than 3, use the Skip Symbol “/” (faster to mark) ou GOTO n Macro Program (one-time setup).
- P: What should I do if the machine doesn’t support the Skip Symbol “/” função?
UM: Usar Edit Mode + Segmented Operation (works on all machines) ou K Parameter Control (if the program uses cycle instructions). For frequent skips, consider updating your CNC system’s firmware (most modern systems can add “Jump Section” support via a software upgrade).
- P: Will skipping holes affect the dimensional accuracy of the remaining holes?
UM: No—if done correctly. The key is to maintain consistent tool length compensation and position reference: 1) Do not change tools during skipping; 2) Verify the machine’s X/Y/Z coordinates before resuming; 3) Test the first resumed hole’s accuracy (por exemplo, measure depth with a caliper). If accuracy drifts, re-calibrate the workpiece zero point.