Se você precisa de uma liga de aço que se destaque na cementação – perfeita para aplicações de alto desgaste, precision parts like automotive gears or machinery shafts—JIS SCM420 alloy steel é uma escolha superior. Como uma liga de cromo-molibdênio padrão japonês, equilibra grande temperabilidade, resistência, e usinabilidade. Este guia detalha tudo o que você precisa saber, desde sua composição química até usos no mundo real, to help you use it effectively.
1. Material Properties of JIS SCM420 Alloy Steel
JIS SCM420’s performance comes from its well-balanced properties, all compliant with Japan’sJIS G4105 padrão. Let’s explore each key aspect clearly.
1.1 Composição Química
The elements in JIS SCM420 work together to boost carburizing performance, força, e durabilidade. Below is the standard composition range:
| Elemento | Símbolo | Composition Range (%) | Key Role in the Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbono (C) | C | 0.18 – 0.23 | Low carbon content, ideal for carburizing (forms a hard outer layer while keeping the core tough) |
| Cromo (Cr) | Cr | 0.90 – 1.20 | Enhancestemperabilidade eresistência ao desgaste; improves carburizing depth and uniformity |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | Mo | 0.15 – 0.25 | Increasesresistência à fadiga e estabilidade de alta temperatura; prevents brittleness after carburizing |
| Manganês (Mn) | Mn | 0.60 – 0.85 | Impulsosusinabilidade and grain refinement; strengthens the alloy without losing ductility |
| Silício (E) | E | 0.15 – 0.35 | Acts as a deoxidizer during steelmaking; enhances overall strength |
| Níquel (Em) | Em | ≤ 0.25 | Trace amounts slightly improveimpact toughness without raising costs |
| Enxofre (S) | S | ≤ 0.030 | Kept low to avoid cracking in carburized parts and high-stress applications |
| Fósforo (P) | P | ≤ 0.030 | Limited to prevent cold brittleness (fracture in low-temperature environments) |
| Vanadium (V) | V | ≤ 0.03 | Tiny amounts refine grain structure, ensuring uniform hardness across the part |
1.2 Propriedades Físicas
These traits show how JIS SCM420 behaves in different working conditions—like temperature changes or magnetic fields:
- Densidade: 7.85 g/cm³ (same as most ferrous alloys, easy to integrate into existing designs)
- Ponto de fusão: 1420 – 1450°C (high enough for aplicações de alta temperatura like industrial rollers or engine parts)
- Condutividade térmica: 44 C/(m·K) a 20ºC (retains heat well, suitable for parts that operate continuously)
- Specific heat capacity: 465 J/(kg·K) a 20ºC (absorbs heat steadily, avoiding warping from sudden temperature swings)
- Thermal expansion coefficient: 12.2 μm/(m·K) (low expansion, critical for precision parts like gears)
- Magnetic properties: Ferromagnético (atrai ímãs, useful for tools like magnetic clamps or sensors)
1.3 Propriedades Mecânicas
JIS SCM420’s full mechanical strength is unlocked aftercementação + têmpera + têmpera (its standard heat treatment). Below are typical values tested to Japanese standards:
| Propriedade | Valor típico (Carburized) | Test Standard (ELE) |
|---|---|---|
| Resistência à tracção | ≥ 980 MPa | JIS Z2241 |
| Força de rendimento | ≥ 785 MPa | JIS Z2241 |
| Alongamento | ≥ 12% | JIS Z2241 |
| Reduction of area | ≥ 45% | JIS Z2241 |
| Dureza (Brinell) | 240 – 300 HB | JIS Z2243 |
| Dureza (Rockwell C.) | 25 – 32 CDH (essencial) / 58 – 62 CDH (superfície) | JIS Z2245 |
| Dureza (Vickers) | 245 – 305 Alta tensão | JIS Z2244 |
| Resistência ao impacto | ≥ 70 J. | JIS Z2242 |
| Força de fadiga | ~530 MPa | JIS Z2273 |
1.4 Outras propriedades
- Resistência à corrosão: Moderado (resists mild moisture and oils; use zinc plating or paint for outdoor/humid environments)
- Resistência ao desgaste: Excelente (thanks to carburizing and cromo (Cr); perfect for moving parts like gears or bearings)
- Usinabilidade: Bom (soft in annealed state; use high-speed steel (HSS) or carbide tools with cutting fluid to reduce wear)
- Weldability: Acceptable (preheat to 250 – 300°C and post-weld heat treat to avoid cracking; use low-hydrogen electrodes)
- Temperabilidade: Outstanding (carburizing penetrates deeply, creating a hard outer layer and tough core—ideal for high-wear parts)
2. Applications of JIS SCM420 Alloy Steel
JIS SCM420’s carburizing ability and toughness make it ideal forhigh-stress, aplicações de alto desgaste. Aqui estão seus usos mais comuns, com exemplos do mundo real:
2.1 Indústria Automotiva
Cars and trucks rely on its durability for key transmission parts:
- Engrenagens: A Japanese automaker uses it for manual transmission gears—its carburized surface (HRC 58–62) gives resistência ao desgaste that extends gear life by 40% contra. aço carbono.
- Eixos: Compact SUVs use JIS SCM420 drive shafts; isso é resistência à fadiga (~530 MPa) handles constant torque without breaking.
- Axles: Commercial vans use it for rear axles—its impact toughness (≥70 J) prevents bending during heavy loading.
2.2 Engenharia Mecânica
Industrial machinery benefits from its hardenability:
- Rolamentos: A manufacturing plant uses it for conveyor belt bearings—its carburized layer reduces maintenance downtime by 30%.
- Rollers: Printing machinery uses it for pressure rollers; isso é dureza (240–300 HB core) resists wear from paper friction.
- Bolts and fasteners: High-speed machine tools use it for critical bolts—its resistência à tracção (≥980 MPa) resists vibration loosening.
2.3 Máquinas Pesadas
For large-scale equipment, it provides reliable performance:
- Molas: Construction excavators use it for bucket springs; its elasticity (from tempering) withstands 10,000+ compression cycles.
- Componentes estruturais: Mining machinery uses it for crusher shafts—its temperabilidade ensures uniform strength in thick sections.
3. Manufacturing Techniques for JIS SCM420 Alloy Steel
To maximize JIS SCM420’s performance, follow these industry-proven manufacturing steps:
3.1 Steelmaking Processes
It’s typically produced using two methods:
- Forno Elétrico a Arco (EAF): Most common for medium batches. Scrap steel is melted with electrodes, então cromo (Cr) e molibdênio (Mo) are added to reach the target composition. EAF is flexible and reduces waste, ideal for custom parts like large gears.
- Forno de oxigênio básico (BOF): Used for mass production. Molten iron is mixed with oxygen to remove impurities, then alloy elements are added. BOF is faster and cost-effective for standard parts like bolts.
3.2 Tratamento térmico
Carburizing is the core heat treatment for JIS SCM420. The standard process is:
- Recozimento: Aqueça até 820 – 850°C, cool slowly. Softens the alloy for easier machining (cuts tool wear by 35%).
- Carburização: Aqueça até 900 – 950°C in a carbon-rich atmosphere (por exemplo, natural gas). Creates a 0.8–1.2 mm hard outer layer (carbon content 0.8–1.0%) para resistência ao desgaste.
- Têmpera: Cool rapidly in oil (de 830 – 850°C). Hardens the carburized surface to HRC 58–62.
- Temperamento: Aqueça até 180 – 220°C, cool in air. Reduces brittleness while keeping the surface hard.
3.3 Forming Processes
JIS SCM420 is shaped into parts using:
- Forjamento: Hammered or pressed at 1100 – 1200°C. Aligns the metal’s grain, increasing resistência à tracção por 15% contra. cast parts. Used for gears and shafts.
- Rolando: Passed through rollers to make bars or sheets. Used for basic shapes like bolt blanks.
- Extrusão: Pushed through a die to make complex shapes (por exemplo, hollow shafts). Ideal for precision parts like transmission components.
3.4 Machining Processes
After forming, parts are finished with:
- Virando: Uses a lathe to make cylindrical parts (por exemplo, eixos). Use cutting fluid to prevent overheating.
- Fresagem: Uses a rotating cutter to shape gear teeth. Carbide tools work best for precision (por exemplo, gear tooth tolerance ±0.02 mm).
- Perfuração: Creates holes for bolts. High-speed drills (1000–1500 RPM) avoid cracking.
- Moagem: Smooths the carburized surface to tight tolerances. Melhora resistência ao desgaste by reducing surface friction.
4. Estudo de caso: JIS SCM420 in Automotive Transmission Gears
A Japanese automotive factory faced a problem: their carbon steel transmission gears failed after 150,000 quilômetros, causing costly recalls. They switched to JIS SCM420—and solved the issue.
4.1 Desafio
The factory’s compact cars were used in urban areas with frequent start-stop cycles. Carbon steel gears had lowresistência ao desgaste eresistência à fadiga (400 MPa), leading to tooth wear and transmission slippage. The failure rate was 5% per year, hurting brand trust.
4.2 Solução
They switched to JIS SCM420 gears, usando:
- Carburização (920°C para 4 horas) to create a 1.0 mm hard outer layer.
- Têmpera + têmpera (200°C) to reach HRC 60 on the surface and 30 HRC in the core.
- Precision grinding to smooth gear teeth, reduzindo o atrito e o desgaste.
4.3 Resultados
- Service life: Gears now last 300,000 km—double the previous lifespan.
- Economia de custos: Cut recall costs by ¥280,000 per year.
- Desempenho: Transmission efficiency improved by 5%, reduzindo o consumo de combustível.
5. Comparative Analysis: JIS SCM420 vs. Outros materiais
How does JIS SCM420 stack up against common alternatives? Here’s a side-by-side comparison:
| Material | Resistência à tracção | Resistência ao desgaste | Resistência ao Impacto | Custo (contra. JIS SCM420) | Melhor para |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JIS SCM420 | ≥980 MPa | Excelente | ≥70 J | 100% (base) | High-wear, peças de precisão (engrenagens) |
| Aço inoxidável (SUS304) | 515 MPa | Bom | 60 J. | 180% | Food/chemical equipment |
| Aço carbono (S45C) | 600 MPa | Baixo | 35 J. | 50% | Peças de baixo estresse (colchetes) |
| Liga de aço (SCM415) | 800 MPa | Bom | 60 J. | 80% | General machinery parts |
| Titânio (Ti-6Al-4V) | 1100 MPa | Bom | 110 J. | 800% | Peças aeroespaciais leves |
Key takeaway: JIS SCM420 has betterresistência ao desgaste than SCM415 or carbon steel, thanks to carburizing. It’s cheaper than stainless steel and titanium, making it the best value foralto desgaste, precision applications.
Yigu Technology’s Perspective on JIS SCM420 Alloy Steel
Na tecnologia Yigu, JIS SCM420 is our top choice for carburized parts like automotive gears. We’ve supplied it to clients for 12+ anos, and itstemperabilidade emolybdenum-enhanced fatigue strength consistently meet strict standards. We optimize the carburizing process to ensure a uniform hard layer, helping clients extend part life by 2–3x. Para uso externo, we pair it with anti-rust coatings. For manufacturers needing durable, cost-effective high-wear parts, JIS SCM420 is unmatched.
FAQ About JIS SCM420 Alloy Steel
1. Is JIS SCM420 the same as AISI 4120?
Yes—JIS SCM420 is nearly identical to AISI 4120 (American standard) in chemical composition and performance. They can be used interchangeably, making JIS SCM420 a great choice for global supply chains.
2. Can JIS SCM420 be used without carburizing?
It can, but carburizing is recommended for high-wear parts. Without carburizing, isso éresistência ao desgaste is lower (similar to mild alloy steel), so it’s only suitable for low-stress parts like non-critical shafts or brackets.
3. How to improve JIS SCM420’s corrosion resistance?
Add a protective coating: zincagem (for outdoor parts like bolts), revestimento em pó (for structural components), or chrome plating (for moving parts like bearings). These treatments extend service life in humid environments by 5–10 years.