Se você trabalha em setores como fabricação de ferramentas, automotivo, ou aeroespacial, you’ve probably heard ofEM 1.2379 aço para ferramentas. Esta liga de alto desempenho é a melhor escolha para aplicações exigentes onde a dureza, resistência ao desgaste, e durabilidade são os mais importantes. Mas o que exatamente o faz se destacar? Neste guia, vamos detalhar suas principais propriedades, usos no mundo real, métodos de fabricação, and how it compares to other materials—so you can decide if it’s the right fit for your project.
1. Material Properties of EN 1.2379 Aço ferramenta
EN 1.2379’s performance starts with its carefully balanced composition and unique properties. Let’s break this down into three key categories:
1.1 Composição Química
The chemical makeup of EN 1.2379 is what gives it its strength and resistance. Below is a table of its typical elemental range (per EN standards):
| Element | Content Range (%) | Role in the Alloy |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 1.40 – 1.60 | Boosts hardness and wear resistance; essential for tool performance. |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30 – 0.60 | Improves hardenability and reduces brittleness during heat treatment. |
| Silicon (E) | 0.15 – 0.35 | Enhances strength and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.50 – 13.00 | Provides corrosion resistance and helps form hard carbides for wear protection. |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.40 – 0.60 | Increases toughness and high-temperature strength; prevents grain growth. |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.10 – 0.30 | Forms hard vanadium carbides, improving wear resistance and edge retention. |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 | Kept low to avoid reducing toughness and ductility. |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030 | Minimized to prevent brittleness, especially in cold conditions. |
1.2 Propriedades Físicas
These properties affect how EN 1.2379 behaves in different environments (por exemplo, aquecer, pressure). All values are measured at room temperature unless noted:
- Densidade: 7.75 g/cm³ (similar to most tool steels, making it easy to machine to standard weights).
- Melting Point: 1450 – 1510 °C (high enough to withstand hot working processes like forging).
- Condutividade Térmica: 25 C/(m·K) (lower than carbon steel, so it heats up slowly—important for controlled heat treatment).
- Coeficiente de Expansão Térmica: 11.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C (de 20 para 500 °C; low expansion means less warping during cooling).
- Capacidade Específica de Calor: 460 J/(kg·K) (efficient at storing and releasing heat, useful for tools that handle repeated heating cycles).
1.3 Propriedades Mecânicas
Mechanical properties determine how EN 1.2379 performs under stress. These values are typical after standard heat treatment (quenching + tempering at 180 °C):
| Propriedade | Valor típico | Test Standard | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dureza (CDH) | 58 – 62 | EN ISO 6508 | High hardness means the tool retains its edge and resists wear (critical for cutting tools). |
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 2000 MPa | EN ISO 6892 | Can handle high pulling forces without breaking—ideal for machine parts under load. |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 1800 MPa | EN ISO 6892 | Resists permanent deformation, so tools keep their shape during use. |
| Alongamento | ≤ 3% | EN ISO 6892 | Low ductility (expected for hard tool steels; trade-off for high hardness). |
| Impact Toughness (Entalhe em V Charpy) | ≥ 15 J. (at 20 °C) | EN ISO 148-1 | Moderate toughness—avoids brittle fracture in cold or shock-loaded applications. |
| Fatigue Strength | ~800MPa (10⁷ cycles) | EN ISO 13003 | Resists failure from repeated stress (key for tools used in high-cycle manufacturing). |
1.4 Other Properties
- Resistência à corrosão: Bom (thanks to high chromium content). It resists rust in mild environments (por exemplo, workshop air) but is not fully stainless—avoid prolonged exposure to strong chemicals.
- Resistência ao desgaste: Excelente. The combination of carbon and chromium forms hard carbides that protect against abrasive wear (perfect for dies and cutting tools).
- Usinabilidade: Fair. Its high hardness makes it harder to machine than low-carbon steels, but pre-heat treatment (annealing to HRC 22–28) improves machinability.
- Hardenability: Very good. It can be hardened evenly across thick sections (até 50 milímetros), so large tools maintain consistent performance.
2. Applications of EN 1.2379 Aço ferramenta
EN 1.2379’s mix of hardness, resistência ao desgaste, and toughness makes it versatile. Here are its most common uses, com exemplos do mundo real:
2.1 Cutting Tools
- Examples: End mills, exercícios, taps, and broaches for machining metals (por exemplo, alumínio, aço).
- Why it works: High HRC hardness (58–62) keeps edges sharp, even after hundreds of cuts. A case study from a German tool manufacturer found that EN 1.2379 end mills lasted 30% longer than those made from standard high-speed steel (HSS) when cutting stainless steel.
2.2 Dies and Molds
- Examples: Cold stamping dies (for making metal parts like automotive brackets), extrusion dies (for aluminum profiles), e moldes de injeção de plástico (for high-volume parts).
- Why it works: Wear resistance prevents die degradation, while good hardenability ensures even performance across large die sizes. A Turkish automotive supplier reported that EN 1.2379 stamping dies reduced maintenance costs by 25% compared to carbon steel dies.
2.3 Machine Parts
- Examples: Gear teeth, camshafts, and valve components for industrial machinery.
- Why it works: High tensile strength and fatigue resistance handle constant load and stress. A Dutch machinery maker used EN 1.2379 for gear teeth in a conveyor system, and the parts lasted 2x longer than alloy steel alternatives.
2.4 Automotive and Aerospace Components
- Examples: Engine valves (automotivo) and turbine blades (small aerospace applications).
- Why it works: Tolerates high temperatures (até 300 °C) without losing strength. An Italian auto parts maker tested EN 1.2379 valves in diesel engines and found they withstood 50,000+ operating hours without failure.
3. Manufacturing Techniques for EN 1.2379 Aço ferramenta
Turning EN 1.2379 into usable parts requires careful processing. Below is a step-by-step breakdown of key techniques:
- Melting: Raw materials (iron, carbono, cromo, etc.) are melted in an electric arc furnace (EAF) at 1500–1600 °C. This ensures uniform mixing of elements.
- Casting: Molten steel is poured into molds to form ingots (large blocks) or near-net-shape parts. Slow cooling prevents internal cracks.
- Forging: Ingots are heated to 1100–1200 °C and pressed/hammered into shapes (por exemplo, die blanks). Forging improves grain structure, making the steel stronger.
- Tratamento térmico: The most critical step—standard cycle:
- Annealing: Heat to 800–850 °C, hold for 2–4 hours, cool slowly. Softens the steel (HRC 22–28) for machining.
- Têmpera: Heat to 950–1050 °C, hold for 1–2 hours, quench in oil. Hardens the steel to HRC 60–63.
- Temperamento: Reheat to 180–250 °C, hold for 1–3 hours, cool. Reduces brittleness and sets final hardness (HRC 58–62).
- Moagem: After heat treatment, parts are ground to precise dimensions (por exemplo, 0.001 mm tolerance for cutting tools). This removes surface defects and improves finish.
- Usinagem: Drilling, fresagem, or turning (done before quenching, when the steel is soft). Carbide tools are recommended for best results.
- Tratamento de superfície: Optional steps like nitriding (adds a hard surface layer) or coating (por exemplo, TiN) to boost wear resistance further.
4. Estudo de caso: EM 1.2379 in Cold Stamping Dies
A European automotive supplier faced a problem: their carbon steel stamping dies for making door hinges were wearing out every 100,000 parts, leading to frequent downtime. They switched to EN 1.2379, e aqui está o que aconteceu:
- Processo: The dies were forged, annealed (CDH 25), machined to shape, quenched (1000 °C), tempered (200 °C), and ground to tolerance.
- Results:
- Die life increased to 350,000 parts (250% improvement).
- Maintenance costs dropped by 40% (fewer die changes).
- Part quality improved: fewer burrs (thanks to EN 1.2379’s uniform hardness).
- Why it worked: The alloy’s high chromium content formed hard carbides that resisted abrasive wear from the steel hinges, while its toughness prevented chipping during stamping.
5. EM 1.2379 contra. Outros materiais
How does EN 1.2379 stack up against common alternatives? Let’s compare key properties:
| Material | Dureza (CDH) | Resistência ao desgaste | Resistência à corrosão | Custo (contra. EM 1.2379) | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EM 1.2379 Aço ferramenta | 58 – 62 | Excelente | Bom | 100% | Ferramentas de corte, cold dies |
| Aço Rápido (HSS) | 60 – 65 | Muito bom | Pobre | 80% | High-speed cutting (por exemplo, fresagem) |
| Aço inoxidável (304) | 20 – 25 | Pobre | Excelente | 120% | Corrosion-prone parts (not tools) |
| Carbon Steel (1095) | 55 – 60 | Bom | Pobre | 50% | Low-cost tools (low wear apps) |
| Liga de aço (4140) | 30 – 40 | Fair | Fair | 70% | Structural parts (not tools) |
Key takeaway: EM 1.2379 offers a better balance of hardness, resistência ao desgaste, and corrosion resistance than carbon or alloy steel—without the high cost of some specialty HSS grades.
Yigu Technology’s View on EN 1.2379 Aço ferramenta
Na tecnologia Yigu, we’ve seen firsthand how EN 1.2379 solves our clients’ most pressing tooling challenges. Its ability to combine high hardness with toughness makes it a reliable choice for industries like automotive and aerospace, where downtime and part quality are critical. We often recommend it for cold stamping dies and precision cutting tools, as it delivers long service life and consistent performance—helping clients reduce costs and improve efficiency. For projects needing extra corrosion resistance, we pair it with our proprietary nitriding process to further enhance its durability.
FAQ About EN 1.2379 Aço ferramenta
1. Can EN 1.2379 be used for hot working applications (por exemplo, hot forging dies)?
Não, EM 1.2379 is designed for cold or moderate-temperature use (até 300 °C). For hot working (temperatures > 500 °C), choose a hot-work tool steel like EN 1.2344, which has better high-temperature strength.
2. How do I machine EN 1.2379 effectively?
Machine EN 1.2379before quenching (when it’s annealed to HRC 22–28). Use carbide cutting tools with high cutting speeds (100–150 m/min for milling) and low feed rates (0.1–0.2 mm/rev) to avoid tool wear. After quenching, only grind or EDM (electrical discharge machining) is recommended.
3. Is EN 1.2379 magnetic?
Sim, like most tool steels, EM 1.2379 is ferromagnetic (attracted to magnets). This is because it contains iron and does not have enough nickel (a non-magnetic element) to be austenitic (non-magnetic).