Lo sviluppo di un modello prototipo di spremiagrumi richiede un preciso processo di lavorazione CNC per convalidare la razionalità del progetto, testare l'adattamento del componente (per esempio., montaggio della lama, percorsi di flusso del succo), e valutare i dettagli incentrati sull'utente (per esempio., base antiscivolo, disposizione dei pulsanti). A differenza dei grandi elettrodomestici, gli spremiagrumi sono compatti, strutture multifunzionali, dai bicchieri trasparenti per il succo alle parti di trasmissione resistenti all'usura, che richiedono strategie di lavorazione su misura. Questa guida analizza l'intero flusso di lavoro, from preliminary design to final assembly, con parametri chiave, selezioni dei materiali, and practical tips to ensure prototype success.
1. Preparazione preliminare: Lay the Foundation for Machining
The success of CNC machining starts with thorough preparation, including 3D modeling, selezione del materiale, and equipment/tool readiness. This stage ensures the subsequent process avoids rework and meets design goals.
(1) 3Modellazione D: Define Juicer Structure with Precision
Use professional CAD software (per esempio., SolidWorks, UG, ProE) to create a detailed 3D model that covers all critical components. The model must balance aesthetic design, functional logic, and machining feasibility.
| Component Category | Key Design Details | Precision Requirements | Scopo |
| Main Body (Shell) | Streamlined contour, base antiscivolo (groove depth 2mm), button mounting holes (Φ8mm) | Shell dimensional error ±0.2mm; hole position tolerance ±0.1mm | Ensure structural stability; fit control buttons and power components |
| Juice Cup (Trasparente) | Inner cavity volume (per esempio., 500ml), feeding port (Φ50mm), juice outlet (Φ15mm) | Cavity roundness error ≤0.1mm; wall thickness uniformity ±0.05mm | Ensure smooth juice flow; avoid leakage at connections |
| Tool Holder & Parti della trasmissione | Blade mounting slot (depth 5mm), gear cavity (for POM gears), motor fixing holes | Slot depth tolerance ±0.05mm; gear cavity clearance 0.1mm | Fit rotating components; ensure smooth blade operation |
Model Optimization Tips:
- Component Splitting: Split integrated structures (per esempio., cup body + lid) into independent parts to avoid tool interference. Per esempio, machine the juice cup and its lid separately, then assemble with a sealing ring.
- Process Marking: Label critical features (per esempio., “polish inner wall of juice cup”) and reference datums (per esempio., base bottom as origin) to guide CNC programming.
- Interference Check: Use software to simulate blade rotation and juice flow—ensure 0.5mm clearance between blade and cup wall to prevent friction.
(2) Selezione dei materiali: Match Performance to Component Roles
Juicer components have distinct functional needs (trasparenza, resistenza all'usura, forza), so material selection is critical. Below is a detailed comparison of suitable options:
| Tipo materiale | Applicable Components | Proprietà chiave | Machinability Advantages |
| Plastica ABS | Main shell, base, lid | Elevata resistenza agli urti (Izod strength 20 kj /), facile da colorare, basso costo | Low tool wear; machinable at 8,000–12,000 rpm (fast and efficient) |
| PC Plastic | Transparent juice cup, observation window | High transparency (light transmittance ≥88%), resistente agli urti (10x più resistente del vetro) | Precision cutting achievable; minimal edge chipping (≤0.1mm) |
| POM (Poliossimetilene) | Ingranaggi, tool holder (wear-resistant parts) | Basso coefficiente di attrito (0.15), elevata resistenza all'usura, good dimensional stability | No deformation during machining; suitable for small transmission parts |
| Lega di alluminio (6061) | Motor brackets, metal decorative parts | Elevata rigidità (resistenza alla trazione 276 MPa), resistente alla corrosione | Fast cutting speed; surface can be anodized for enhanced texture |
Material Blank Preparation:
- Cut blanks with 5–10mm machining allowance on all sides to accommodate roughing and finishing:
- A PC juice cup (final size: Φ80mm×120mm) needs a Φ90mm×130mm blank.
- An ABS main shell (200mm×150mm×80mm) requires a 210mm×160mm×90mm blank.
(3) Attrezzatura & Preparazione degli strumenti: Ensure Machining Accuracy
Select CNC equipment and tools based on component complexity and material properties to avoid defects like tool marks or dimensional deviations.
| Equipment/Tool Type | Selection Criteria | Recommended Specifications |
| CNC Machining Center | 3-axis for flat parts; 5-axis for curved surfaces (per esempio., juice cup inner wall) | Positioning accuracy ±0.005mm; spindle speed range 8,000–24,000 rpm |
| Milling Cutters | Solid carbide for plastics; acciaio rapido (HSS) for aluminum alloy | – Roughing: Φ8–Φ12mm flat-bottom mills (rimozione rapida del materiale)- Finitura: Φ2–Φ6mm ball-head mills (superfici curve); Φ0.5–2mm small mills (logo/buttons) |
| Special Tools | Taper cutters (chamfering juice cup edges); diamond polishers (PC transparency) | Taper angle 45°; diamond polisher grit 1,200# (for PC surface refinement) |
| Fixtures | Vacuum suction cups (flat ABS/PC parts); precision vises (aluminum/POM components) | Vacuum pressure ≥0.8 MPa; vise clamping force ≥3 kN (prevents workpiece displacement) |
2. Esecuzione della lavorazione CNC: From Blank to Prototype Components
This stage divides machining into roughing and finishing to balance efficiency and precision—critical for juicer components with diverse structures.
(1) Lavorazione grezza: Shape the Foundation
Roughing removes most excess material to bring the blank close to the final shape, prioritizing speed while avoiding tool damage.
| Component Type | Roughing Focus | Key Operations & Parameters |
| ABS Main Shell | Machine outer contour, base grooves, button holes | Use Φ10mm flat-bottom mill; velocità di taglio 10,000 giri/min, velocità di avanzamento 1,200 mm/min; layer depth 3mm |
| PC Juice Cup | Mill outer wall and inner cavity; pre-drill feeding/juice outlets | Use Φ8mm end mill; velocità di taglio 9,000 giri/min, velocità di avanzamento 800 mm/min; retain 0.5mm finishing allowance |
| POM Gear Cavity | Machine cavity outline and mounting holes | Use Φ6mm end mill; velocità di taglio 8,000 giri/min, velocità di avanzamento 600 mm/min; avoid overheating (POM melts at 160°C) |
Post-Roughing Inspection:
- Use a digital caliper to check key dimensions (per esempio., juice cup diameter, shell height) and ensure they are within ±0.5mm of the design value.
- Clean chips with compressed air—especially critical for PC parts (chips left on surfaces cause scratches during finishing).
(2) Finitura: Achieve Precision & Qualità della superficie
Finishing refines components to meet final design requirements, focusing on transparency (computer), smoothness (ABS), e precisione dimensionale (POM/aluminum).
| Component Type | Finishing Focus | Key Operations & Parameters |
| PC Juice Cup | Polish inner/outer walls (trasparenza); chamfer edges (prevent sharpness) | Use Φ4mm ball-head mill (inner wall); velocità di taglio 15,000 giri/min, velocità di avanzamento 500 mm/min; then diamond polish (light transmittance ≥85%) |
| ABS Main Shell | Smooth shell surface; engrave logo/button labels (depth 0.3mm) | Use Φ2mm ball-head mill; velocità di taglio 12,000 giri/min, velocità di avanzamento 700 mm/min; surface roughness Ra ≤0.8μm |
| POM Gear Cavity | Refine cavity walls; ensure gear clearance (0.1mm) | Use Φ3mm end mill; velocità di taglio 9,000 giri/min, velocità di avanzamento 500 mm/min; dimensional tolerance ±0.05mm |
Finishing Quality Checks:
- For PC parts: Use a spectrophotometer to verify transparency (≥85%) and a surface roughness tester to confirm Ra ≤0.4μm.
- For POM gear cavities: Use a feeler gauge to check clearance (0.1mm) and ensure gears rotate smoothly without jamming.
3. Post-elaborazione: Enhance Aesthetics & Funzionalità
Post-processing bridges the gap between machined components and a realistic juicer prototype, focusing on surface refinement and assembly readiness.
(1) Trattamento superficiale: Tailor to Material & Component Role
| Material/Component | Surface Treatment Steps | Expected Outcome |
| ABS Main Shell | 1. Sand with 400#→800#→1200# sandpaper (remove tool marks)2. Degrease with isopropyl alcohol3. Spray matte/gloss paint (50spessore μm) | Paint adhesion ≥4B (nessun peeling); surface gloss 30–70 GU (per design) |
| PC Juice Cup | 1. Diamond polishing (1,200#→2,000# grit)2. Clean with lens cleaner3. Apply anti-scratch coating | Nessun graffio visibile; anti-scratch level ≥3H (prova con la matita) |
| Aluminum Brackets | 1. Degrease with alkaline cleaner2. Anodize (silver-gray, 8–10μm film)3. Sandblast (finitura opaca) | Resistenza alla corrosione: No rust after 48-hour salt spray test; friction coefficient ≤0.15 |
| POM Gear Parts | No additional treatment (naturally smooth surface) | Friction coefficient remains 0.15; no wear after 1,000 rotation tests |
(2) Assemblea & Functional Debugging
Proper assembly ensures components work together seamlessly, while functional tests validate the prototype’s usability.
Assembly Steps:
- Pre-Assembly Check: Verify all parts meet dimensional requirements (per esempio., juice cup fits shell with 0.5mm clearance).
- Component Fixing:
- Bond PC juice cup to ABS shell with food-grade adhesive (ensure no leakage).
- Screw aluminum motor brackets to the base (coppia 5 N·m, avoid thread damage).
- Install POM gears and 3D-printed resin simulation blades (replace real metal blades for safety).
- Sealing Test: Pour 200mL water into the juice cup—check for leakage at connections (no water seepage within 10 minuti).
Functional Debugging:
- Button Operation: Test switch/pulse buttons 100 times—stroke 2mm ±0.2mm, feedback force 5–8N (comfortable for users).
- Blade Rotation: Simulate juicing with a motor (500 giri/min)—ensure blade rotates smoothly, no friction with cup wall.
- Juice Flow: Pour water through the feeding port—check flow rate (≥50mL/min) and no residue in the cup.
4. Controllo qualità & Ottimizzazione dei processi
Strict quality control ensures the prototype meets design standards, while optimization reduces costs for future iterations.
(1) Key Quality Control Standards
| Control Item | Acceptance Criteria | Inspection Method |
| Precisione dimensionale | – Juice cup: ±0,1 mm- Shell: ±0,2 mm- Gear cavity: ±0,05 mm | CMM (critical components); digital caliper (general parts) |
| Qualità della superficie | – computer: Ra ≤0.4μm, transparency ≥85%- ABS: Ra ≤0.8μm, no tool marks | Surface roughness tester; spectrophotometer; ispezione visiva (500lux light) |
| Functional Performance | – No leakage (10-minute water test)- Blade rotation: 500 rpm ±50 rpm | Water leakage test; tachometer (blade speed) |
(2) Process Optimization Tips
- Material Saving: Design hollow structures for ABS parts (per esempio., base with 3mm thick walls) to reduce blank size—saves 20–30% material cost.
- Machining Efficiency: Combine roughing and semi-finishing for simple parts (per esempio., decorative strips) to cut tool change time by 15%.
- Post-Processing Simplification: For hidden parts (per esempio., motor brackets), skip anodizing—use natural aluminum finish to save 10–15% of treatment cost.
Yigu Technology’s Perspective on CNC Machining Juicer Prototype Models
Alla tecnologia Yigu, crediamo functional precision and user experience are the core of juicer prototype machining. Many clients overcomplicate processes—for example, using 5-axis machines for flat ABS shells when 3-axis works, or over-polishing hidden POM parts. Our team optimizes for both quality and cost: We use PC with diamond polishing for juice cups (ensuring transparency ≥85%) and 3-axis machines for most components to cut 20% of machining time. We also simplify blade simulation (3D-printed resin instead of metal) for safety and cost. For batch prototypes, we use multi-cavity fixtures to machine 2–3 juice cups at once, reducing production time by 30%. Our goal is to deliver prototypes that validate design and user needs at the lowest cost.
Domande frequenti
- Why is PC plastic preferred for juicer juice cups instead of acrylic?
PC plastic has higher impact resistance (10x più resistente del vetro) and better temperature stability (heat-resistant up to 135°C) than acrylic—critical for juice cups that may encounter accidental drops or warm liquids. Acrylic is prone to cracking and yellowing under heat, making it unsuitable for long-term juicer use.
- How to prevent POM parts from melting during CNC machining?
POM melts at 160°C, so we control temperature by: 1) Using low cutting speeds (8,000–10,000 rpm) to reduce friction heat; 2) Blowing compressed air continuously to cool the workpiece; 3) Avoiding deep cuts (layer depth ≤2mm) to minimize heat accumulation. These steps keep POM temperature below 120°C during machining.
- What is the total time required to machine a single juicer prototype?
Total time is ~4–6 days: 1 day for 3D modeling/material prep, 1–2 days for CNC machining (roughing + finitura), 1 day for post-processing (polishing/painting), and 1–2 days for assembly/debugging. Batch production (10+ prototipi) can be shortened to 3–4 days with parallel processing.