1045 Acciaio laminato a freddo: Una guida alle proprietà, Applicazioni & Approvvigionamento

Se sei un ingegnere, acquirente, o produttore alla ricerca di un acciaio affidabile a medio tenore di carbonio, 1045 cold rolled steel is likely on your radar. Questo materiale versatile bilancia la forza, lavorabilità, e costi, rendendolo la scelta migliore per qualsiasi cosa, dagli alberi alle parti automobilistiche. In questa guida, analizzeremo le sue proprietà chiave, suggerimenti per la fabbricazione, usi dell'industria, and how to source it smartly.

1. Proprietà dei materiali & Gradi: What Makes 1045 Cold Rolled Steel Unique?

1045 cold rolled steel is a medium-carbon alloy defined by its precise chemical composition and global equivalent grades. Cominciamo dalle basi:

Composizione chimica

The “45” in 1045 refers to itscarbon content (0.45%) —a sweet spot that gives it more strength than low-carbon steels (Piace 1018) without sacrificing too much machinability. Here’s a full breakdown:

Global Equivalent Grades

If you source from international suppliers, you’ll encounter these alternatives toAISI 1045 CR:

• DA 1.1191 (Germania)
• JIS S45C (Japan)
• GB 45# (Cina)
• EN C45E (Europa)
• UNS G10450 (U.S.A.)

Key Material Traits

• Microstructure: Bene ferrite-pearlite mix (from cold rolling), which improves surface finish and dimensional accuracy.
• Densità: Standard for steel at 7.85 g/cm³ —easy to calculate weight for design.
• Valutazione della lavorabilità: ~70 (contro. 100 per 1215 acciaio)—excellent for turning, fresatura, and drilling without excessive tool wear.
• Weldability: Moderate—preheating to 200–300°C (392–572°F) previene la rottura, making it suitable for welded machine parts.

2. Meccanico & Proprietà fisiche: Data You Can Trust for Design

When engineering components like axles or bolts, you need precise mechanical data. Below is a table of typical properties forcold rolled 1045 acciaio (annealed condition):

Esempio del mondo reale

A manufacturer ofhydraulic piston rods usi 1045 CR because its high tensile strength (650 MPa) resists bending under pressure, while its lowresidual stresses after cold rolling ensures the rods stay straight during use. ILfinitura superficiale (Ra 0.8–1.6 μm) also reduces friction with seals—extending the rod’s lifespan by 30% compared to hot-rolled alternatives.

Other Critical Traits

• Resistenza all'impatto: 20–30 J at room temperature (ASTM A370)—enough for non-extreme environments like agricultural machinery.
• Fatigue Strength: 250–300 MPa (36–44 ksi) for 10^6 cycles—ideal for rotating parts like gears and pinions.
• Tolleranze dimensionali: Tipicamente h9/h11 (ISO 286)—critical for parts that need tight fits, such as jigs and fixtures.

3. Elaborazione & Fabrication Techniques: How to Work With 1045 Acciaio laminato a freddo

1045 cold rolled steel responds well to most fabrication methods, but proper techniques ensure optimal results. Here’s what you need to know:

Primary Fabrication Methods

1. Cold Rolling: The initial process that creates a smooth surface and tight tolerances. Unlike hot rolling, it’s done at room temperature—no scaling or warping.
2. Lavorazione:
   • Turning/Milling: Utilizzare acciaio ad alta velocità (HSS) or carbide tools with cutting speeds of 15–25 m/min (50–80 ft/min) for best results.
   • Perforazione: Pre-drill small pilot holes to prevent work hardening (common in medium-carbon steels).
3. Trattamento termico:
   • Ricottura: Heat to 815–845°C (1500–1550°F), hold 1–2 hours, cool slowly. Softens the steel for easier machining.
   • Tempra & Temperamento: Heat to 830–860°C (1525–1580°F), quench in water/oil, then temper at 200–600°C (392–1112°F). Increases hardness to 30–40 HRC for high-wear parts like mining tools.
   • Stress Relieving: Heat to 550–650°C (1022–1202°F) to reduce residual stresses after welding or machining.

Finitura superficiale & Rivestimenti

• Rettifica: Centerless grinding achieves Ra 0.4 μm for precision parts like spindles.
• Rivestimenti: Zinc plating (per la resistenza alla corrosione) or black oxide (per l'estetica) are common. A manufacturer of elementi di fissaggio uses zinc-plated 1045 CR bolts for outdoor construction—they last 5+ years without rust.

4. Applicazioni & Industrie: Where 1045 Cold Rolled Steel Shines

Thanks to its balanced properties, 1045 cold rolled steel is used across industries. Di seguito sono riportate le applicazioni più comuni, with real-world use cases:

Caso di studio: Automotive Gears

A leading car manufacturer switched from 1018 steel to1045 cold rolled bar for transmission gears. IL 0.45% carbon content increased gear hardness by 25%, reducing wear and extending the transmission’s lifespan from 150,000 A 200,000 km. The cold-rolled surface also eliminated the need for extra grinding—cutting production time by 10%.

5. Standard, Certificazioni & Controllo qualità: Ensuring You Get High-Quality Material

To avoid subpar steel, always check for compliance with global standards and quality certifications:

Key Standards

• ASTM A108: Specifies cold-finished carbon steel bars (includes 1045 cold finish).
• ASTM A29: Covers hot-rolled carbon steel bars (base material for cold rolling).
• IN 10277: European standard for cold-finished steel (includes EN C45E).
• JIS G4051: Japanese standard for carbon steel for mechanical structures (includes JIS S45C).

Certificazioni di qualità

• MTR (Mill Test Report): Verifies chemical composition and mechanical properties—ask suppliers for this.
• IN 10204 3.1: A third-party certificate confirming compliance (critical for aerospace or medical parts).
• ISO 9001: Ensures the supplier follows quality management systems.
• RoHS/REACH Compliance: Mandatory for parts sold in the EU (restricts hazardous substances).

Quality Control Tests

• Ultrasonic Testing: Detects internal defects (per esempio., crepe) in thick 1045 cold rolled plate.
• Magnetic Particle Inspection: Finds surface cracks in shafts or axles.
• Dimensional Checks: Verificare straightness limits (massimo 1 mm/m) e tolleranze (per ASTM A484).

6. Mercato & Procurement Insights: How to Source 1045 Acciaio laminato a freddo

Approvvigionamento1045 cold rolled steel wisely saves time and money. Below are key tips for buyers:

Prezzi & MOQ

• Price per kg: $1.50–$3.00 (varia in base alla dimensione, quantità, and region). Per esempio, UN 1045 cold rolled bar (20diametro mm) costs ~$2.20/kg in the USA, contro. ~$1.80/kg from Chinese suppliers.
• Price per meter: $5.00–$15.00 (depends on diameter/thickness).
• MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity): Most suppliers require 100–500 kg for standard sizes; custom cuts may have higher MOQs.

Global Suppliers

• U.S.A.: Nucor, Steel Dynamics (domestic mills with fast lead times: 1–2 settimane).
• Cina: Baosteel, Wuhan Iron and Steel (low-cost options, lead times: 3–4 settimane).
• Europa: ArcelorMittal, Thyssenkrupp (compliant with EN standards, lead times: 2–3 settimane).

Sourcing Tips

• Stock Sizes: Choose standard sizes (per esempio., 10mm, 15mm, 20mm bars) to avoid custom fees.
• Confezione: Ask for anti-rust oil and export packaging (wooden crates) to prevent damage during shipping.
• Incoterms: Utilizzo FOB (Free On Board) for cost control, O CIF (Costo, Insurance, Freight) for hassle-free delivery.
• Tariff Codes: HS 7228.50 (cold-rolled carbon steel bars) —check local tariffs to avoid surprises.

La prospettiva della tecnologia Yigu

Alla tecnologia Yigu, consigliamo1045 cold rolled steel for customers needing a cost-effective, high-performance medium-carbon solution. Its machinability and strength make it ideal for custom machine components—we’ve used it to manufacture precisionshafts and die holders per i clienti del settore automobilistico, reducing their production costs by 15% contro. using higher-grade steels. We also prioritize suppliers withIN 10204 3.1 certification to ensure consistency, and offer custom cut-to-length services to meet small-batch needs.

Domande frequenti

1. Is 1045 cold rolled steel suitable for outdoor applications?
   SÌ, but it requires corrosion protection (per esempio., zinc plating or painting). Uncoated 1045 CR will rust in moist environments, so we recommend coatings for outdoor parts like construction fasteners.
2. Can 1045 cold rolled steel be heat-treated to increase hardness?
   Assolutamente. Quenching and tempering can raise its hardness to 30–40 HRC, making it suitable for high-wear parts like gears and mining tools. Ricottura, per contrasto, softens it for easier machining.
3. What’s the difference between 1045 cold rolled and hot-rolled steel?
   Cold-rolled 1045 has a smoother surface (Ra 0.8–1.6 μm), tolleranze più strette (h9/h11), and higher strength. Hot-rolled 1045 is cheaper but has a rough surface and looser tolerances—best for non-precision parts like structural brackets.