En développement de produits, les prototypes en plastique se distinguent par leur rentabilité, souvent 30-70% moins cher que les alternatives métalliques comme l'aluminium ou l'acier inoxydable. Cette abordabilité, combiné à une polyvalence dans la conception et le traitement, en fait le premier choix de nombreuses équipes, spécialement pour la vérification de l'apparence, tests fonctionnels de pièces non porteuses, et itérations en petits lots. This article explains why plastic prototypes are cheaper, compares their costs with other materials, and shares practical strategies to further reduce expenses, with clear tables and examples to guide decision-making.
1. Core Reasons Why Plastic Prototype Is Cheaper
Plastic prototypes’ lower cost stems from four interrelated factors, from raw materials to processing efficiency. Understanding these helps you better leverage their cost advantages.
1.1 Factor Breakdown with Cost Impact
| Facteur | Detailed Explanation | Cost-Saving Impact | Practical Example |
| Lower Raw Material Costs | Common plastic materials (ABS, PP, PC) have significantly lower base prices than metals. Par exemple: – ABS: ~15-25 CNY/kg – PP: ~10-20 CNY/kg – Alliage d'aluminium (6061): ~20-30 CNY/kg – Acier inoxydable (304): ~80-100 CNY/kg | Reduces material cost by 40-80% compared to metal prototypes. | A 500g prototype: – ABS material cost: 500g × 0.02 CNY/g = 10 CNY – Aluminium (6061) material cost: 500g × 0.025 CNY/g = 12.5 CNY – Acier inoxydable (304) material cost: 500g × 0.09 CNY/g = 45 CNY |
| Plus rapide, More Efficient Processing | Plastics are softer and easier to machine than metals, reducing processing time and tool wear: – Usinage CNC: Plastic parts take 30-50% less time (par ex., 1 hour for a simple ABS part vs. 2 hours for aluminum). – 3D Impression: Resin/plastic filaments have faster printing speeds and lower energy consumption than metal 3D printing. – Longévité des outils: CNC tools for plastics last 2-3x longer than those for metals (no frequent tool changes). | Lowers labor and tool replacement costs by 30-60%. | A complex curved prototype: – ABS CNC machining: 2 hours × 80 CNY/hour = 160 CNY – Aluminum CNC machining: 4 hours × 100 CNY/hour = 400 CNY |
| Simpler Surface Treatment | Most plastic prototypes require basic surface treatment (or none), avoiding high-cost metal processes: – Basic options: Ponçage (50-100 CNY/piece), pulvérisation d'huile (100-200 CNY/piece). – No need for metal-specific treatments: Anodization (500-1,500 CNY/piece), galvanoplastie (500-2,000 CNY/piece). | Cuts surface treatment costs by 50-90% contre. metal prototypes. | An external shell prototype: – ABS with oil spraying: 150 CNY – Aluminum with anodization: 600 CNY |
| Flexible Batch Options for Small Quantities | Plastic prototypes support cost-effective small-batch production without expensive molds: – 3D Impression: Idéal pour 1-5 pièces (no setup fees). – Silicone Duplicate: Pour 5-50 pièces, make a master prototype first, then copy with silicone (unit cost drops to 1/3 of CNC). – Metals often need die casting (mold fee: 2,000-8,000 CNY) pour les petits lots, increasing upfront costs. | Reduces small-batch production costs by 40-70% contre. métaux. | 10 pieces of a simple shell: – ABS silicone duplicate: 10 × 50 CNY = 500 CNY – Aluminum die casting: 8,000 CNY (moule) + 10 × 80 CNY = 8,800 CNY |
2. Comparaison des coûts: Plastic Prototypes vs. Metal Prototypes
To clearly show plastic prototypes’ cost advantages, below is a side-by-side comparison of common prototype types and scenarios.
2.1 Cost Comparison by Prototype Type & Scenario
| Prototype Scenario | Plastic Prototype (ABS/PP/PC) | Metal Prototype (Aluminum/Stainless Steel) | Cost Difference (Plastic vs. Métal) |
| Simple Appearance Prototype (1 piece, 10cm×8cm×5cm) | – Processus: Usinage CNC + Ponçage – Coût: 300-500 CNY | – Processus: Usinage CNC + Ponçage – Coût: 800-1,200 CNY | Plastic is 50-60% moins cher. |
| Complex Structural Prototype (5 pièces, with internal holes) | – Processus: 3D Impression (Résine) – Coût: 5 × 200 CNY = 1,000 CNY | – Processus: Usinage CNC (Aluminium) – Coût: 5 × 500 CNY = 2,500 CNY | Plastic is 60% moins cher. |
| Small-Batch Functional Prototype (20 pièces, non porteur) | – Processus: Silicone Duplicate (ABS master) – Coût: 500 CNY (master) + 20 × 40 CNY = 1,300 CNY | – Processus: Moulage sous pression (Aluminium) – Coût: 5,000 CNY (moule) + 20 × 70 CNY = 6,400 CNY | Plastic is 80% moins cher. |
| High-Precision Prototype (1 piece, Tolérance de ±0,05 mm) | – Processus: Usinage CNC (PC) – Coût: 800-1,200 CNY | – Processus: Usinage CNC (Acier inoxydable) – Coût: 2,000-3,000 CNY | Plastic is 60-65% moins cher. |
3. Practical Strategies to Further Reduce Plastic Prototype Costs
While plastic prototypes are already cheap, strategic adjustments to design, processus, and supplier selection can lower costs even more—without sacrificing quality.
3.1 Design Optimization Tips
- Simplify Geometries: Remove non-functional features like complex curved surfaces, parois minces (≤0.5mm), or deep cavities (>8mm). Par exemple, a prototype with a single curved surface costs 300 CNY; simplifying to a flat surface reduces it to 200 CNY (33% savings).
- Relax Tolerances: Use standard tolerances (±0.1-0.2mm) for non-critical dimensions. A prototype with ±0.05mm tolerance costs 500 CNY; relaxing to ±0.1mm cuts it to 350 CNY (30% savings).
- Avoid Over-Design: Skip unnecessary details like decorative grooves or custom logos for initial tests. Adding a logo via laser engraving adds 50-100 CNY—save this for final prototypes.
3.2 Processus & Sélection des matériaux
| But | Recommended Process/Material | Cost-Saving Reason | Example Cost |
| Lowest Cost for Appearance Tests | 3D Impression (PLA) | PLA is the cheapest plastic filament (~10 CNY/100g); fast printing speed. | 100g PLA prototype: 80-120 CNY |
| Balance of Cost & Durabilité | Usinage CNC (ABS) | ABS is more durable than PLA; cheaper than PC or engineering plastics. | Simple ABS prototype: 200-400 CNY |
| Small-Batch Cost Reduction (5+ pièces) | Silicone Duplicate (ABS master) | No need for repeated CNC programming; unit cost drops with quantity. | 5 pièces: 500 CNY (contre. 5 × 300 CNY = 1,500 CNY for CNC) |
| Complex Structures on a Budget | 3D Impression (SLA Resin) | Resin prints complex geometries (cavités internes) sans frais supplémentaires; cheaper than CNC for intricate parts. | Complex resin prototype: 300-500 CNY (contre. 800+ CNY for CNC) |
3.3 Supplier Selection & Bargaining Skills
- Choose Cluster Suppliers: Work with suppliers in Shenzhen, Dongguan, or Suzhou—these regions have dense plastic prototype factories, fierce competition, and lower prices (10-20% cheaper than non-cluster areas). Par exemple, a CNC ABS prototype costs 300 CNY in Shenzhen vs. 360 CNY in other cities.
- Combine Orders: If you need multiple prototypes (par ex., 3 different shell designs), package them into one order. Suppliers often offer 10-15% discounts for combined orders (par ex., 3 prototypes for 800 CNY vs. 3 × 300 CNY = 900 CNY).
- Specify Budget Upfront: Tell suppliers your target price (par ex., “I need this prototype under 300 CNY”)—they may suggest material substitutions (par ex., ABS instead of PC) or process adjustments (par ex., sanding instead of polishing) to meet your budget.
4. Key Precautions to Avoid Quality Risks
Low cost should not come at the expense of prototype usability. Keep these precautions in mind to ensure quality while saving money.
4.1 Material Selection Pitfalls to Avoid
- Don’t Sacrifice Key Properties: For functional prototypes (par ex., pièces résistantes à la chaleur), avoid using cheap PLA (heat-resistant ≤60°C) if you need to test at 80°C—choose PC (heat-resistant up to 120°C) instead. Using the wrong material leads to invalid test results and rework costs.
- Verify Material Authenticity: Some suppliers use recycled plastics (cheaper but brittle) instead of new materials. Ask for material certificates or test samples (par ex., check ABS flexibility by bending—recycled ABS breaks easily).
4.2 Process Quality Checks
- Usinage CNC: Ensure no burrs on edges (can affect assembly) and consistent wall thickness (avoid thin spots that break during testing).
- 3D Impression: Check for layer adhesion (no gaps between layers) and surface smoothness (critical for appearance prototypes).
- Traitement de surface: For oil-sprayed prototypes, inspect for even coverage (no drips) and adhesion (scratch lightly with a fingernail—paint should not peel).
Yigu Technology’s Viewpoint
Plastic prototypes’ cost advantage lies in material affordability and processing efficiency, making them ideal for early-stage design verification and non-load-bearing parts. Yigu Technology suggests businesses prioritize plastic prototypes for appearance tests, simple functional iterations, and small batches (1-50 pièces)—this cuts development costs by 40-70% contre. métaux. Lors du choix des matériaux, match them to test goals: PLA for cheap appearance mockups, ABS for balanced durability, and PC for heat-resistant needs. For suppliers, cluster areas like Shenzhen offer the best cost-quality balance—their mature supply chains reduce lead times and rework risks. Enfin, avoid over-optimizing for cost: using recycled plastics or skipping quality checks may save 50-100 CNY upfront but leads to costly rework later.
FAQ
- Can plastic prototypes replace metal prototypes for all scenarios?
Non. Plastic prototypes are not suitable for load-bearing, haute température, or corrosion-resistant scenarios (par ex., auto engine parts, supports industriels). For these, metal prototypes (aluminium, acier inoxydable) are necessary—their strength and durability justify the higher cost. Plastic is best for appearance tests, non-load-bearing functional parts, and low-stress applications.
- How much can I save by using silicone duplicate instead of CNC machining for 10 plastic prototypes?
Silicone duplicate saves 60-70% on average. Par exemple: – CNC machining for 10 ABS prototypes: 10 × 300 CNY = 3,000 CNY – Silicone duplicate: 500 CNY (ABS master) + 10 × 40 CNY = 900 CNY – Total savings: 2,100 CNY (70% moins cher). This advantage grows with larger batches (par ex., 50 pieces save 80%+).
- Is 3D printing always cheaper than CNC machining for plastic prototypes?
No— it depends on complexity and size. For simple, grandes pièces (par ex., a 20cm×15cm×5cm flat shell), CNC machining is cheaper (300-500 CNY vs. 500-800 CNY for 3D printing). For complex parts with internal cavities or lattices (par ex., a prototype with small holes and curved channels), 3D printing is cheaper (300-500 CNY vs. 800+ CNY for CNC, which requires multiple setups).]]>