Silicones pour le retournement de moules (également appelés silicones pour tournage de moules) sont des matériaux en caoutchouc spécialisés conçus pour créer des moules réutilisables pour reproduire des prototypes, de l'artisanat d'art aux pièces industrielles.. Leur flexibilité, capacité de conservation des détails, et leurs propriétés de durcissement réglables les rendent indispensables pour la production en petits lots et le développement de produits. Cet article détaille les principaux types de silicones de retournement de moules, leurs principales caractéristiques, scénarios d'application, and selection tips—with clear comparisons and practical examples to help you choose the right silicone for your project.
1. Classification by Curing Method: Match to Your Workflow
Curing method directly impacts production efficiency and equipment needs. Mold-flipping silicones are primarily divided into two categories based on how they harden:
| Silicone Type | Core Characteristics | Curing Parameters | Applications idéales |
| Room-Temperature Curing (RTV) Silicone | – No heating equipment required; easy to operate for beginners.- Gentle on temperature-sensitive prototypes (par ex., cire, mousse, or low-heat 3D prints).- Cures slowly (12–24 hours) but with minimal shrinkage (0.5–1%).- Shore A hardness: 10–30 (doux, flexible for complex part demolding). | – Temperature: 20°C–25°C (normal room temperature).- Temps: 12–24 hours (varies by thickness: 5mm = 12h; 10mm = 24h).- Humidity: Best at 40%–60% (high humidity prolongs curing). | Small-scale art/crafts (handicrafts, wax statues, plaster models), low-volume prototype replication (par ex., custom keychains), and scenarios without ovens or heat tools. |
| Heating-Curing (HTV) Silicone | – Heating accelerates curing (1–3 heures), cutting production cycles.- Higher mechanical strength: Better wear resistance and tear resistance than RTV.- Adjustable hardness (Shore A 30–50) for industrial needs.- Suitable for repeated mold use (50+ cycles). | – Temperature: 60°C–120°C (industrial-grade variants can reach 150°C–200°C).- Temps: 1–3 heures (higher temp = faster cure: 120°C = 1h; 60°C = 3h).- Post-cure: Optional 1-hour bake at 80°C to boost durability. | Industrial mass production (pièces automobiles, electronic device shells like TV back covers), high-frequency mold use (par ex., 100+ toy component replicas), and projects needing fast turnaround. |
Key Comparison Example: A jewelry maker uses RTV silicone to replicate wax pendants—no heat means the delicate wax prototype won’t melt. An auto parts manufacturer, par contre, uses HTV silicone to make molds for 500+ rubber gaskets—heating cuts curing time from 24 heures pour 1 heure, meeting production deadlines.
2. Classification by Hardness: Balance Flexibility and Strength
Dureté (measured by Shore A scale) determines a silicone’s ability to demold complex parts and withstand wear. Choose based on your prototype’s shape and mold lifespan needs:
| Hardness Grade | Shore A Hardness Range | Core Traits | Ideal Prototype Types |
| Soft-Mold Silicone | 10–20 | – Ultra-souple; easily peels off parts with undercuts (par ex., bords incurvés, hollow cavities).- Low tear resistance (best for 10–20 cycles).- Excellent for capturing fine textures (0.05mm details like engravings). | Soft prototypes (cire, mousse, clay), oeuvres d'art (sculptures with intricate patterns), and one-time/short-run replicas (par ex., custom cake molds). |
| Medium-Hardness Silicone | 30–40 | – Balanced flexibility and durability; the most versatile grade.- Good tear resistance (20–50 cycles).- Works for both soft and hard prototypes. | General-purpose mold-flipping: plastic/metal prototypes (par ex., phone case models), consumer electronics parts (TV remote buttons), and small-batch functional components. |
| Hard-Mold Silicone | 40–50 | – High strength and wear resistance; suitable for high-pressure casting.- Low flexibility (not for undercut parts).- Long mold life (50+ cycles). | Rigid prototypes (CNC-machined metal/plastic), pièces industrielles (supports automobiles), and molds for high-viscosity casting materials (par ex., thick epoxy resin). |
Real-World Scenario: A dental lab uses soft-mold silicone (Rive A 15) to make molds for tooth impressions—its flexibility lets the mold peel off the patient’s gums without damaging the soft tissue. A tool manufacturer uses hard-mold silicone (Rive A 45) for metal wrench prototypes—its strength withstands the pressure of pouring molten metal-alloy replicas.
3. Classification by Special Functions: Meet Niche Needs
Some mold-flipping scenarios require silicones with unique properties (par ex., sécurité alimentaire, résistance aux hautes températures). Below are the most common specialized types:
| Special Silicone Type | Propriétés clés | Curing Requirements | Applications idéales |
| Food-Grade Silicone | – Non toxique, odorless, and compliant with FDA/EU food safety standards (par ex., FDA 21 CFR 177.2600).- Resistant to food acids, huiles, and repeated washing.- Available in RTV (Shore A 20–30) for easy demolding. | – Same as standard RTV: 20°C–25°C, 12–24 hours.- No post-cure needed; ready to use after demolding. | Food-contact molds: baking pans (cake, bread), chocolate molds, candy molds, and ice cube trays. |
| High-Temperature Resistant Silicone | – Withstands long-term use at 200°C–300°C (short-term up to 350°C).- Heat-curing (HTV) base with added heat-stabilizing additives.- Faible dilatation thermique (no mold deformation under high heat). | – Curing temp: 80°C–120°C; temps: 2–3 hours.- Post-cure at 150°C for 1 hour to activate heat resistance. | High-temperature casting: pièces de moteur automobile (heat-resistant gaskets), composants aérospatiaux, and molds for metal-alloy replicas (low-melting tin-lead alloys). |
| Transparent Silicone | – High light transmittance (85%–95%); lets you monitor casting material flow. – Available in RTV/HTV and all hardness grades.- Captures clear details (ideal for optical prototypes). | – Same as matching RTV/HTV types (par ex., transparent RTV = 20°C–25°C, 12–24h).- Requires dust-free mixing to maintain transparency. | Optical models (lens prototypes), crystal crafts, and molds where internal defects need visual inspection (par ex., medical device casings). |
Critical Tip: For food-grade or medical applications, never use standard silicones—they may contain toxic additives that leach into food or come into contact with skin. Always verify compliance with safety standards before use.
4. Key Tips for Selecting Mold-Flipping Silicones
Choosing the right silicone avoids rework, reduces costs, and ensures mold quality. Follow these four steps:
Étape 1: Analyze the Prototype Material
- Soft prototypes (cire, mousse, clay): Choose soft-mold RTV silicone (Shore A 10–20) to avoid damaging the prototype during demolding.
- Hard prototypes (métal, plastique, CNC parts): Opt for medium/hard HTV silicone (Shore A 30–50) for durability—hard prototypes won’t deform, so flexibility is less critical.
Étape 2: Define Production Volume & Cycle Needs
- 1–20 cycles (one-time/short-run): RTV silicone (moindre coût, no heat tools).
- 20–100 cycles (small-batch): Medium-hardness HTV silicone (balances cost and lifespan).
- 100+ cycles (grand volume): Hard-mold HTV or high-temperature silicone (maximizes mold reuse).
Étape 3: Consider Operating Conditions
- No heating equipment: RTV silicone (room-temperature cure only).
- With ovens/heat tools: HTV silicone (faster cure, meilleures performances).
- Food/medical use: Food-grade/medical-grade RTV silicone (safety compliance first).
Étape 4: Test Before Full-Scale Use
Always make a small test mold (par ex., a 5cm × 5cm section of the prototype) before mixing large quantities of silicone. This checks:
- Whether the silicone captures all details.
- If demolding is smooth (no sticking or tearing).
- If the cured silicone meets hardness/strength needs.
5. Yigu Technology’s Perspective on Mold-Flipping Silicones
Chez Yigu Technologie, we’ve found that 70% of mold-flipping failures come from mismatched silicone types—e.g., using hard silicone for undercut parts or standard silicone for food molds. Our key advice is: prioritize prototype and end-use needs over cost. Par exemple, a client once used standard RTV silicone for chocolate molds, leading to food contamination—switching to food-grade silicone solved the issue and avoided regulatory fines. For industrial clients making auto parts, we recommend medium-hardness HTV silicone (Rive A 35)—it handles 50+ cycles while retaining detail for rubber gasket replicas. We also emphasize vacuum degassing for all silicones (especially HTV)—this eliminates 95% of bubbles that cause mold defects. Mold-flipping silicones are tools for precision; choosing the right one ensures your replicas match the prototype exactly, saving time and rework.
6. FAQ: Common Questions About Mold-Flipping Silicones
Q1: Can I use RTV silicone for high-temperature casting (par ex., 150°C)?
A1: No—standard RTV silicone only withstands up to 100°C. High-temperature casting requires specialized high-temperature HTV silicone (200°C–300°C resistance). Using RTV for 150°C applications will cause the mold to melt, deform, or release toxic fumes.
Q2: My soft-mold silicone tears easily during demolding—how to fix this?
A2: Tearing usually stems from using too soft a silicone (Rive A <15) or demolding too quickly. Correctifs: (1) Switch to medium-soft silicone (Shore A 20–25) for better tear resistance. (2) Demold slowly, pulling the silicone at a 45° angle instead of straight up—this distributes force evenly. (3) Apply a thin layer of silicone oil to the prototype before pouring silicone—reduces friction.
Q3: How long can unused mold-flipping silicone be stored?
A3: Unopened, one-component RTV silicone lasts 6–12 months (stored in a cool, dry place away from sunlight). Two-component silicone (base + curing agent) has a 12–24 month shelf life for unopened components—once mixed, it must be used within 2–4 hours (varies by brand) before it starts curing. Always check the manufacturer’s label for expiration dates.