Moulage par injection vs. 3Processus d'impression D: Ce qui vous convient?

Lorsqu'il s'agit de fabriquer des pièces en plastique, que ce soit pour des prototypes, petits lots, ou production de masse – deux processus dominent: Moulage par injection et 3D Impression. Le moulage par injection utilise des moules pour verser du plastique fondu dans des formes, tandis que l'impression 3D construit des pièces couche par couche à partir de filaments ou de résine.. Les deux ont des atouts, mais un mauvais choix peut faire perdre du temps, argent, or ruin your project. This guide breaks down their differences, explains when to use each, partage des exemples concrets, and helps you make an informed decision.

D'abord: What Are Injection Molding and 3D Printing? (Core Principles)

To compare them, you need to understand how each process works—their basic steps explain why they excel at different tasks.

Moulage par injection: Mold-Based, Production en grand volume

Injection Molding is a “mold-and-pour” process, ideal for making hundreds or thousands of identical parts. Here’s how it works in 5 simple steps:

1. Make the Mold: A mold (usually aluminum or tool steel) is machined to match the part’s shape—this is the most time-consuming and costly step (molds can take 10–20 days to make).
2. Melt the Plastic: Thermoplastic pellets (par ex., ABS, PC, Nylon) are heated to 200–300°C until they melt into a liquid.
3. Inject into the Mold: The molten plastic is forced into the mold under high pressure (10–100 MPa) to fill every detail.
4. Cool and Harden: The plastic cools inside the mold (usually 1–5 minutes) and hardens into the part’s shape.
5. Remove and Finish: Le moule s'ouvre, the part is removed, and any excess plastic (appelé "flash") est coupé.

Caractéristique clé: Relies on molds—great for high volume, but expensive to set up for small batches.

3D Impression: Layer-Based, Low-Volume Flexibility

3D Impression (Fabrication additive) builds parts from the bottom up, no mold needed. The two most common 3D Printing processes for plastics are:

FDM (Modélisation des dépôts fondus) – Filament-Based

1. A spool of thermoplastic filament (par ex., PLA, ABS) feeds into a heated nozzle.
2. The nozzle melts the filament (180–260°C) and deposits it onto a build plate in thin layers (0.05–0.3 mm thick).
3. Layers cool and bond together, and the build plate lowers to add the next layer—repeat until the part is done.

ANS (Stéréolithographie) – Resin-Based

1. A vat holds liquid resin (sensitive to UV light).
2. A UV laser traces the part’s first layer onto the resin, curing it into a solid.
3. The build plate lifts, fresh resin flows over the cured layer, and the laser repeats—layers stack until the part is complete.
4. The part is rinsed to remove excess resin and cured again for strength.

Caractéristique clé: No molds—perfect for small batches, prototypes, or complex designs that molds can’t make.

Moulage par injection vs. 3D Impression: Key Comparison (Données & Détails)

The table below compares the two processes across 8 critical factors—cost, vitesse, flexibilité de conception, and more—using real-world data from manufacturers like Xometry and industry studies.

Real-World Cases: When to Choose Injection Molding vs. 3D Impression

Numbers tell part of the story—but real projects show how these processes perform in practice. Voici 3 examples where the choice made a big difference.

Cas 1: Mass-Produced Phone Cases (Injection Molding Wins)

A consumer brand needed 10,000 plastic phone cases (Matériau ABS) for a new product launch.

• 3D Impression (FDM) Option: Each case took 2 hours to print. 10,000 cases would take 20,000 heures (833 jours) et le coût \(10 per case (\)100,000 total). The cases had visible layer lines and needed sanding.
• Injection Molding Option: The mold cost \(5,000 et a pris 15 days to make. Once the mold was ready, 10,000 cases were made in 1 day at \)1 per case ($10,000 total). The cases were smooth, fort, and ready to ship.

Résultat: The brand chose Injection Molding—saved $85,000 and met their launch deadline.

Cas 2: Custom Dental Prototypes (3D Printing Wins)

A dental lab needed 5 custom crown prototypes (to test fit for patients) made from biocompatible material.

• Injection Molding Option: A mold for 5 small crowns would cost \(2,000 and take 10 days to make. The prototypes would cost \)0.50 each, but the total ($2,002.50) was overkill for 5 parties.
• 3D Impression (ANS) Option: Using biocompatible resin, the lab printed 5 crowns in 2 jours. Each crown cost \(8, total \)40. The prototypes had tight tolerance (±0,1 mm) and fit patients perfectly.

Résultat: The lab chose 3D Printing—saved $1,962.50 and got prototypes fast enough to treat patients on time.

Cas 3: Complex Drone Frame (3D Printing Wins)

Une startup nécessaire 20 drone frames with a hollow lattice design (pour réduire le poids) made from Nylon PA12.

• Injection Molding Option: A mold for the lattice design was impossible—molds can’t create internal hollow structures without extra parts. Even if a mold was made, it would cost $10,000 and take 20 jours.
• 3D Impression (mjf) Option: The startup used MJF (a 3D Printing process for Nylon) imprimer 20 frames in 3 jours. Each frame cost \(30, total \)600. The lattice design reduced weight by 40%—critical for drone flight.

Résultat: The startup chose 3D Printing—avoided impossible mold costs and got the lightweight design they needed.

How to Choose Between Injection Molding and 3D Printing (Étape par étape)

Suivez-les 4 steps to pick the right process—no guesswork needed.

Étape 1: Define Your Batch Size

Batch size is the biggest factor—here’s the rule of thumb:

• 1–100 pièces: Choose 3D Printing (pas de frais de moisissure, fast setup).
• 100–1 000 pièces: Choose 3D Printing (MJF/SLS) or Injection Molding—calculate total cost (moule + pièces contre. 3D Printing per-part cost).
• 1,000+ parties: Choose Injection Molding (mold costs are spread over many parts, per-part cost is low).

Exemple: 500 parties: Moulage par injection (moule \(3,000 + \)1 per part = \(3,500) contre. 3D Impression (mjf: \)5 per part = $2,500). 3D Printing is cheaper here.

Étape 2: Check Your Design Complexity

• Simple, uniform shapes (par ex., coques de téléphone, tasses): Injection Molding works.
• Formes complexes (treillis, intérieurs creux, organic curves): 3D Printing is the only option—molds can’t make these.

Pro Tip: If your design has undercuts (parts that stick out and block mold removal), Injection Molding needs expensive “complex molds.” 3D Printing handles undercuts for free.

Étape 3: Prioritize Strength and Surface Finish

• Need strong, parties lisses (par ex., composants du moteur, dispositifs médicaux): Injection Molding—parts have no layer lines and uniform strength.
• Strength is less critical (par ex., prototypes, display models): 3D Impression (FDM for functional parts, SLA for smooth details).

Étape 4: Calculate Total Cost (Upfront + Per-Part)

Total cost = upfront cost + (per-part cost × number of parts). Use this to compare:

Key Takeaway: Injection Molding becomes cheaper than 3D Printing at around 1,000 parts for most projects.

Yigu Technology’s Perspective on Injection Molding vs. 3D Impression

Chez Yigu Technologie, we don’t pick sides—we pick what fits your project. For clients needing mass production (1,000+ parties) like consumer goods or automotive components, we recommend Injection Molding for its low per-part cost and strong parts. For startups prototyping complex designs or small batches (1–100 pièces) like medical guides or drone frames, 3D Impression (FDM/MJF) is faster and more cost-effective. We also help with hybrid approaches: use 3D Printing for prototypes to test designs, then switch to Injection Molding for production. Our team provides cost quotes and sample parts for both processes, so you’re never guessing. The best process is the one that meets your budget, chronologie, and part needs.

FAQ About Injection Molding vs. 3D Impression

1. Can 3D Printing replace Injection Molding for mass production?

No—3D Printing is too slow and expensive for large batches (1,000+ parties). Injection Molding’s per-part cost is 10–100x lower, and it can make parts 50x faster. 3D Printing is great for prototypes or small batches, but Injection Molding is still the best for mass production.

2. Is Injection Molding worth it for small batches (sous 100 parties)?

Rarely—unless you need ultra-strong, smooth parts and have a big budget. Pour 100 parties, Injection Molding’s mold cost (\(1,000–)5,000) will make your total cost 10–50x higher than 3D Printing. Only choose Injection Molding for small batches if no other process can meet your strength/finish needs.

3. Which process is better for complex designs (par ex., treillis, pièces creuses)?

3D Printing is the only practical option. Injection Molding molds can’t create internal hollow structures or lattices without adding expensive, fonctionnalités complexes (like sliding cores). 3D Printing builds parts layer by layer, so complex designs cost the same as simple ones—no extra setup needed.