Si vous travaillez en génie électrique, fabrication, ou un chantier, vous en avez probablement entendu parler 110 cuivre. Cet alliage de cuivre pur est un excellent choix pour les projets nécessitant une excellente conductivité et formabilité, mais comprenant ses normes., propriétés, et les meilleures utilisations peuvent être délicates. Ce guide détaille tout ce que vous devez savoir, avec des exemples concrets et des données exploitables.
1. Alloy Designation & Global Standards for 110 Cuivre
110 copper isn’t just a random number—it’s defined by strict international standards. Knowing these designations ensures you pick the right material for compliance and performance.
- UNS Designation: The most common label is C11000 (ETP) Cuivre, where “ETP” stands for Electrolytic Tough Pitch. This grade has a minimum copper content of 99.95%, making it ideal for electrical applications.
- ASTM Standards: ASTM B152/B187 sets specs for 110 copper sheets, strips, and plates. For rods, MIL-C-12166 is the go-to military standard for high-reliability projects like aerospace wiring.
- International Equivalents:
- Europe: ISO Cu-ETP CW004A
- Japan: JIS C1100 Rounded Copper (used widely in electronics manufacturing)
- Chine: GB/T 5231 T2 copper (a direct equivalent for electrical conductors)
- Exigences clés: Tous 110 copper grades must meet RoHS compliance (pas de substances dangereuses) and have an oxygen content < 0.04% (a critical ETP requirement to avoid brittleness).
Exemple: A solar panel manufacturer in Germany would specifyISO Cu-ETP CW004A for their PV ribbons, while a U.S.-based company would useC11000 to meetASTM B152 normes.
2. Mécanique & Propriétés physiques: Why 110 Copper Stands Out
110 copper’s properties make it versatile—from electrical conductors to heat sinks. Below is a clear breakdown of its key characteristics:
| Propriété | Value Range | Real-World Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Résistance à la traction | 210–250 MPa | Can withstand stress in busbars without breaking |
| Conductivité électrique | 45–50 % SIGC | Transmits electricity efficiently (only slightly less than pure copper) |
| Conductivité thermique | 385–400 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ | Dissipates heat fast—perfect for heat-sink fins |
| Dureté | 70–90 HRB | Soft enough for bending, hard enough for durability |
| Élongation | 35–55 % dans 50 mm | Bends easily into shapes like architectural gutters |
| Densité | 8.89 g cm⁻³ | Heavy enough for stable lightning protection cables |
| Point de fusion | 1083 °C | Withstands high temperatures in motor windings |
Exemple: A transformer maker uses 110 copper for windings because its45–50 % Conductivité du SIGC minimizes energy loss, and its1083 °C melting point resists overheating.
3. Fabrication Processes for 110 Cuivre
Travailler avec 110 copper requires knowing its limits—here’s how to shape it effectively:
- Cold Forming: 110 copper handles cold bending well, but follow bending radius guidelines (1–2× thickness) to avoid cracking. Par exemple, a 2mm thick C11000 sheet needs a 2–4mm radius.
- Recuit: To soften the metal after cold working, use an annealing temperature of 370–650 °C. A manufacturer making deep-drawn electrical enclosures would anneal 110 copper at 500 °C to improve ductility.
- Usinabilité: Avec un machinability rating of 20 % (contre. 100% for free-cutting brass), 110 copper is slow to machine. Use sharp tools and coolants to prevent overheating.
- Special Processes:
- Deep-drawing: Ideal for making cups or connectors (common in PCB manufacturing).
- Spinning & hydroforming: Feasible for creating curved parts like waveguide components.
- Stress Relief: Use heat treatment cycles (par ex., 200 °C pour 1 heure) to reduce internal stress after welding.
Tip: To preventhydrogen embrittlement, avoid heating 110 copper in hydrogen-rich environments—this can cause the metal to crack.
4. Soudage, Brazing & Adhésion 110 Cuivre
Adhésion 110 copper requires careful temperature control and the right materials. Here’s what works:
- GTAW (TIG) Soudage: The most reliable method for 110 cuivre. For thick sections (over 6mm), use a preheat of 200–540 °C to ensure full fusion.
- Filler Metals: Utiliser silicon-bronze ERCuSi-A for TIG welding—it bonds well and maintains conductivity.
- Brazing: Choisir phosphorus-deoxidized brazing alloys to avoid oxidation. A refrigeration technician might braze 110 copper tubes with these alloys for leak-free joints.
- Other Methods:
- Electron Beam Welding (EBW): Works for precision parts like vacuum chamber gaskets.
- Resistance Spot Welding: Requires high current density (10,000–15,000 A/mm²) for strong joints in automotive components.
Important: Après soudage, testjoint conductivity—a drop of more than 5% IACS means the joint needs rework.
5. Traitements de surfaces & Coatings for 110 Cuivre
Protect 110 copper from tarnish and improve its performance with these treatments:
- Tin Plating: Booste solderability—used for PCB foil to ensure easy soldering of components.
- Silver Plating: Maintains haute conductivité for RF shielding gaskets in telecom equipment.
- Nickel Underlayer: Acts as a corrosion barrier pour 110 copper parts in marine environments.
- Chemical Treatments:
- Benzotriazole (BTA) Dip: Prevents oxidation—applied to coinage stock to keep it shiny.
- Électropolissage: Creates an ultra-smooth finish (Râ < 0.1 µm) for vacuum chamber parts.
- Decorative Finishes: Hot black oxide is used for architectural accents like flashing to match dark building exteriors.
Exemple: A jewelry maker usesélectropolissage on 110 copper medallions to achieve a mirror-like shine (Râ < 0.1 µm).
6. Top Applications & Markets for 110 Cuivre
110 copper’s mix of conductivity, formabilité, and compliance makes it essential in these industries:
- Électrique:
- Busbar & electrical conductor strips: Transmit power in factories and data centers.
- PCB foil: Connects components on circuit boards.
- Solar PV ribbon interconnects: Links solar cells in panels.
- Électronique:
- Waveguide & RF shielding gaskets: Block interference in 5G equipment.
- Transformer & enroulements du moteur: Efficiently transfer energy.
- Construction:
- Lightning protection cables: Safely channel lightning to the ground.
- Architectural flashing & gouttières: Resist corrosion and look sleek.
- Specialty:
- Heat-sink fins & plaques de base: Cool CPUs and power supplies.
- Vacuum chamber gaskets: Maintain airtight seals in scientific equipment.
- Coinage & medallion stock: Durable and easy to engrave.
Yigu Technology’s Perspective on 110 Cuivre
Chez Yigu Technologie, we’ve seen 110 copper become a staple in our electrical component projects. C'estC11000 (ETP) designation ensures consistency across global orders, and its45–50 % Conductivité du SIGC meets our clients’ efficiency needs. We often recommendtin-plated 110 cuivre for PCB applications, as it balances solderability and cost. For clients in harsh environments, we pair 110 copper with anickel underlayer to prevent corrosion. Overall, 110 copper’s versatility makes it a reliable choice for both standard and custom projects.
FAQ About 110 Cuivre
- What’s the difference between 110 cuivre (C11000) and pure copper?
Pure copper has slightly higher conductivity (≈58% IACS), mais 110 cuivre (C11000) is more affordable and still offers excellent performance (45–50% IACS). 110 copper also has better formability for bending and welding. - Can 110 copper be used outdoors?
Yes—with the right coating. UN nickel underlayer ou chromate conversion coating (Alodine) protects it from rain and humidity. Many builders use coated 110 copper for outdoor gutters and flashing. - Is 110 copper RoHS-compliant?
Most grades are, but always check the supplier’s documentation. Reputable manufacturers produce RoHS-compliant 110 cuivre that meets global environmental standards (no lead, mercury, or other hazardous substances).