Si está diseñando componentes o piezas soldadas que necesitan un equilibrio de resistencia, soldabilidad, y ductilidad, como los marcos aeroespaciales, jaulas antivuelco para automóviles, or industrial machinery shafts—AISI 4130 acero aleado is your ideal choice. Como cromo-molibdeno bajo en carbono. (cr-mo) aleación, Supera a los aceros al carbono simples en dureza y al mismo tiempo ofrece una mejor soldabilidad que las aleaciones con alto contenido de carbono como AISI. 4140. Esta guía desglosa sus propiedades., aplicaciones del mundo real, proceso de fabricación, and material comparisons to help you solve design challenges where welding and strength go hand in hand.
1. Material Properties of AISI 4130 Acero aleado
AISI 4130’s performance comes from its carefully balanced composition: bajo en carbono (0.28–0.33%) ensures easy welding, while chromium (0.80–1.10%) and molybdenum (0.15–0.25%) boost strength andresistencia a la fatiga. Let’s explore its key properties in detail.
1.1 Composición química
AISI 4130 follows ASTM A29/A29M standards, with strict control over elements to prioritize weldability and toughness. Below is its typical composition:
| Element | Symbol | Content Range (%) | Key Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon (do) | do | 0.28 – 0.33 | Provides moderate strength; kept low to enablesoldabilidad (no post-weld cracking) |
| Chromium (cr) | cr | 0.80 – 1.10 | Enhancesresistencia a la corrosión y templabilidad; improves wear resistance |
| Molibdeno (Mes) | Mes | 0.15 – 0.25 | Boosts high-temperature strength; raiseslímite de fatiga for cyclic loading |
| Manganese (Mn) | Mn | 0.40 – 0.60 | Refines grain structure; enhancesductilidad without reducing strength |
| Silicio (Y) | Y | 0.15 – 0.35 | Aids deoxidation; supports stability during welding and heat treatment |
| Phosphorus (PAG) | PAG | ≤ 0.035 | Minimized to prevent brittle fracture in welded joints or cold conditions |
| Sulfur (S) | S | ≤ 0.040 | Controlled to balancemaquinabilidad and weld quality (lower S = better welds) |
| Níquel (En) | En | ≤ 0.25 | Trace element; slightly improvesimpact toughness at low temperatures |
| Vanadium (V) | V | ≤ 0.03 | Trace element; refines grains for uniform strength across thick sections |
| Cobre (Cu) | Cu | ≤ 0.30 | Trace element; adds mild atmospheric corrosion resistance for outdoor parts |
1.2 Physical Properties
These traits make AISI 4130 suitable for welded and formed components across industries:
- Densidad: 7.85 gramos/cm³ (same as most carbon steels)—simplifies weight calculations for aerospace or automotive parts
- Punto de fusión: 1,420 – 1,450 °C (2,588 – 2,642 °F)—compatible with welding (MIG/TIG) and forging processes
- Conductividad térmica: 42.5 W/(m·K) en 20 °C; 38.5 W/(m·K) en 300 °C—ensures even heat distribution during welding (reduces hot spots)
- Coeficiente de expansión térmica: 11.4 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20 – 100 °C)—minimizes distortion when bending or welding components
- Propiedades magnéticas: Ferromagnetic—enables non-destructive testing (END) like magnetic particle inspection to check weld quality.
1.3 Propiedades mecánicas
AISI 4130’s mechanical performance shines in both annealed (weld-ready) y tratado térmicamente (alta resistencia) conditions. Below are typical values:
| Propiedad | Measurement Method | Annealed (Weld-Ready) | Quenched & Tempered (300 °C) | Quenched & Tempered (600 °C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dureza (Rockwell) | CDH | 17 – 20 CDH | 45 – 48 CDH | 25 – 28 CDH |
| Dureza (Vickers) | HV | 160 – 190 HV | 430 – 460 HV | 240 – 270 HV |
| Resistencia a la tracción | MPa (ksi) | 560 MPa (81 ksi) | 1,450 MPa (210 ksi) | 850 MPa (123 ksi) |
| Yield Strength | MPa (ksi) | 345 MPa (50 ksi) | 1,300 MPa (188 ksi) | 700 MPa (102 ksi) |
| Alargamiento | % (en 50 milímetros) | 28 – 32% | 10 – 12% | 20 – 22% |
| Impact Toughness | J (en 20 °C) | ≥ 90 J | ≥ 40 J | ≥ 70 J |
| Fatigue Limit | MPa (rotating beam) | 290 MPa | 680 MPa | 420 MPa |
1.4 Other Properties
AISI 4130’s traits solve key challenges for welded and formed components:
- Soldabilidad: Excellent—requires minimal preheating (150–200°C) and no mandatory post-weld heat treatment (Pwht) for thin sections, saving time on fabrication.
- Formabilidad: Great—can be bent, rolled, or forged into complex shapes (p.ej., jaulas antivuelco para automóviles) when annealed, then heat-treated for strength.
- maquinabilidad: Good—soft in the annealed condition (17–20 HRC), so it cuts easily with standard tools; heat-treated parts need carbide tools for precision.
- Resistencia a la corrosión: Moderate—resists mild rust and chemicals; para ambientes hostiles (p.ej., marina), add zinc plating or epoxy coating.
- Toughness: Superior—even after welding, it maintains enough ductilidad to absorb impact (critical for aerospace and automotive safety parts).
2. Applications of AISI 4130 Acero aleado
AISI 4130’s focus on weldability and balanced strength makes it a top choice for components that need to be joined or formed. Here are its key uses:
- Componentes aeroespaciales: Marcos de aviones, landing gear struts, and fuel lines—weldable, ligero, and strong enough for flight loads.
- Piezas automotrices: Roll cages, chassis tubes, and high-performance exhaust manifolds—resists vibration and heat, with welds that hold up to stress.
- Componentes mecánicos: Welded shafts, hydraulic cylinder rods, and pulley hubs—ideal for parts where welding is cheaper than forging.
- Maquinaria Industrial: Rodillos transportadores, robotic arms, and machine frames—tough enough for daily use, easy to repair with welding.
- Construction Equipment: Loader buckets, backhoe arms, and scaffolding joints—handles impact and abrasion, with welds that don’t crack under load.
- Motorcycle & Racing Parts: Frame rails, swingarms, and engine mounts—combines light weight and strength for performance vehicles.
3. Manufacturing Techniques for AISI 4130 Acero aleado
Producing AISI 4130 requires focusing on weldability and formability, with heat treatment tailored to end-use strength needs. Here’s the step-by-step process:
- Steelmaking:
- AISI 4130 is made using an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) (recycles scrap steel) o Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF). Chromium and molybdenum are added to hit the 0.80–1.10% and 0.15–0.25% ranges, while carbon is kept low (0.28–0.33%).
- Laminación & formando:
- The steel is Hot Rolled (1,100 – 1,200 °C) into bars, tubes, or plates—hot rolling makes it easy to bend or shape. For thin-walled parts (p.ej., exhaust tubes), es Cold Rolled for tighter tolerances.
- Tratamiento térmico (Flexible for Needs):
- Recocido: Heated to 815–845 °C, held 2–3 hours, slow-cooled to 650 °C. Softens the steel (17–20 HRC) for welding and forming.
- Temple: Heated to 845–870 °C, held 1 hora, cooled in oil. Hardens to 50–52 HRC but increases brittleness.
- Tempering: Reheated to 200–650 °C (based on strength needs), held 1–2 hours, air-cooled. Reduces brittleness—300 °C for high strength, 600 °C for better ductility.
- Soldadura (Critical Advantage):
- Uses MIG, TIG, or stick welding with low-hydrogen electrodes (p.ej., E8018-B2) to avoid weld cracks. Preheat thin sections (＜10 mm) a 150 °C; thick sections (＞20 mm) a 200 °C. No PWHT needed for most parts, but it can be done to reduce residual stress.
- Mecanizado & Refinamiento:
- Annealed AISI 4130 is machined with HSS tools for turning, molienda, o perforar. Heat-treated parts need carbide tools. For smooth surfaces, finish with grinding or polishing.
- Tratamiento superficial:
- Enchapado: Zinc plating (resistencia a la oxidación) para piezas de automoción; cromado (resistencia al desgaste) for shafts.
- Revestimiento: Heat-resistant paint (arriba a 500 °C) for exhaust parts; revestimiento epoxi (resistencia química) for industrial machinery.
- Nitriding: Optional—heats to 500–550 °C in ammonia gas to harden the surface (50–55 HRC) without distortion, ideal for wear parts.
- Control de calidad:
- Chemical Analysis: Spectrometry checks alloy content (per ASTM A29/A29M).
- Mechanical Testing: De tensión, impacto, and hardness tests confirm strength and toughness.
- Weld Inspection: Radiographic testing (rayos x) or ultrasonic testing checks for weld defects like porosity.
- Dimensional Checks: Calipers or CMM ensure parts meet design tolerances.
4. Estudios de caso: AISI 4130 in Action
Real projects show how AISI 4130 solves welding and strength challenges.
Estudio de caso 1: Aerospace Frame Welding (Canada)
An aircraft manufacturer needed to build lightweight, welded frame sections for a small cargo plane. They chose AISI 4130 tubes (recocido, 17 CDH) for easy TIG welding. The frames were then tempered to 300 °C (45 CDH) para la fuerza. After testing, the frames withstood 120% of the design load without weld cracking—outperforming aluminum frames (which failed at 90% carga). This cut frame weight by 15% vs. steel alternatives.
Estudio de caso 2: Automotive Roll Cage Durability (A NOSOTROS.)
A racing team needed a roll cage that could absorb crash impact and be welded on-site. They used AISI 4130 DOMINGO (drawn-over-mandrel) tubes, welded with MIG and no PWHT. During a crash test, the cage bent but didn’t break—itsductilidad protected the driver. The cage lasted 3 racing seasons, while a previous AISI 1018 carbon steel cage cracked after 1 season. This saved the team $8,000 en costos de reposición.
5. AISI 4130 vs. Other Materials
How does AISI 4130 compare to similar materials for welded and high-strength parts?
| Material | Similarities to AISI 4130 | Diferencias clave | Mejor para |
|---|---|---|---|
| AISI 4140 | Cr-Mo alloy steel | Higher carbon (0.38–0.43%); stronger but harder to weld; 10% pricier | Non-welded parts (p.ej., engranajes, ejes) |
| AISI 1018 | Carbon steel | No alloying; cheaper but weaker (440 tracción MPa); poor fatigue resistance | Piezas de baja tensión (p.ej., paréntesis) |
| 6061 Aluminio | Ligero | Lower density (2.7 gramos/cm³); weaker (310 tracción MPa); better corrosion resistance; 2× pricier | Ligero, low-load parts (p.ej., cuadros de bicicleta) |
| 304 Acero inoxidable | Resistente a la corrosión | Excellent rust resistance; harder to weld; lower strength (515 tracción MPa); 3× pricier | Marine or food-grade welded parts |
| Fibra de carbono | Alta resistencia al peso | Encendedor; sin corrosión; poor impact toughness; 8× pricier | High-performance, non-welded parts (p.ej., race car bodies) |
Yigu Technology’s Perspective on AISI 4130 Acero aleado
En Yigu Tecnología, AISI 4130 is our go-to for welded, componentes de alta resistencia. Its low-carbon Cr-Mo composition solves the biggest pain point for clients: getting strong parts that are easy to weld without cracking. We supply AISI 4130 in tubes, verja, or plates—annealed for welding, or custom heat-treated for strength. Para el sector aeroespacial, automotor, or industrial clients moving from carbon steel or aluminum, AISI 4130 offers a cost-effective upgrade: better strength than aluminum, better weldability than AISI 4140, and longer lifespan than plain carbon steel.
FAQ About AISI 4130 Acero aleado
- Do I need post-weld heat treatment (Pwht) for AISI 4130?
No—for thin sections (＜20 mm) or low-stress parts, PWHT isn’t required. For thick sections (＞20 mm) or high-stress parts (p.ej., aerospace frames), Pwht (600–650 °C for 1 hora) reduces residual stress and improves toughness. - Can AISI 4130 be used for high-temperature applications (above 300 °C)?
Yes—its molybdenum content keeps it strong up to 400 °C. For temperatures above 400 °C (p.ej., hornos industriales), choose AISI 316 stainless steel or alloy steels with more heat resistance. - ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre AISI? 4130 and AISI 4130 DOMINGO?
AISI 4130 DOMINGO (drawn-over-mandrel) is a tube variant made by drawing hot-rolled tube over a mandrel. It has a smoother interior, tighter wall thickness tolerances, and higher strength than standard AISI 4130 tube—ideal for automotive roll cages or aerospace tubes.