If you work in electrical engineering, fabricación, or construction, Probablemente hayas oído hablar de 110 cobre. This pure copper alloy is a top choice for projects needing excellent conductivity and formability—but understanding its standards, properties, and best uses can be tricky. Esta guía desglosa todo lo que necesitas saber, con ejemplos del mundo real y datos procesables.
1. Alloy Designation & Global Standards for 110 Cobre
110 copper isn’t just a random number—it’s defined by strict international standards. Knowing these designations ensures you pick the right material for compliance and performance.
- Designación de EE. UU.: The most common label is C11000 (ETP) Cobre, where “ETP” stands for Electrolytic Tough Pitch. This grade has a minimum copper content of 99.95%, making it ideal for electrical applications.
- ASTM Standards: ASTM B152/B187 sets specs for 110 copper sheets, tiras, and plates. For rods, MIL-C-12166 is the go-to military standard for high-reliability projects like aerospace wiring.
- International Equivalents:
- Europa: ISO Cu-ETP CW004A
- Japan: JIS C1100 Rounded Copper (used widely in electronics manufacturing)
- Porcelana: GB/T 5231 T2 copper (a direct equivalent for electrical conductors)
- Requisitos clave: Todo 110 copper grades must meet RoHS compliance (no hazardous substances) and have an oxygen content < 0.04% (a critical ETP requirement to avoid brittleness).
Ejemplo: A solar panel manufacturer in Germany would specifyISO Cu-ETP CW004A for their PV ribbons, while a U.S.-based company would useC11000 to meetASTM B152 estándares.
2. Mecánico & Propiedades físicas: Por qué 110 Copper Stands Out
110 copper’s properties make it versatile—from electrical conductors to heat sinks. Below is a clear breakdown of its key characteristics:
| Propiedad | Value Range | Impacto del mundo real |
|---|---|---|
| Resistencia a la tracción | 210–250 MPa | Can withstand stress in busbars without breaking |
| Electrical Conductivity | 45–50 % IACS | Transmits electricity efficiently (only slightly less than pure copper) |
| Thermal Conductivity | 385–400 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ | Dissipates heat fast—perfect for heat-sink fins |
| Dureza | 70–90 HRB | Soft enough for bending, hard enough for durability |
| Alargamiento | 35–55 % en 50 mm | Bends easily into shapes like architectural gutters |
| Densidad | 8.89 g cm⁻³ | Heavy enough for stable lightning protection cables |
| Punto de fusión | 1083 ° C | Withstands high temperatures in motor windings |
Ejemplo: A transformer maker uses 110 copper for windings because its45–50 % IACS conductivity minimizes energy loss, and its1083 ° C Punto de fusión resists overheating.
3. Fabrication Processes for 110 Cobre
Working with 110 copper requires knowing its limits—here’s how to shape it effectively:
- Formación fría: 110 copper handles cold bending well, but follow bending radius guidelines (1–2× thickness) Para evitar agrietarse. Por ejemplo, a 2mm thick C11000 sheet needs a 2–4mm radius.
- Recocido: To soften the metal after cold working, use an annealing temperature of 370–650 °C. A manufacturer making deep-drawn electrical enclosures would anneal 110 copper at 500 °C to improve ductility.
- Maquinabilidad: With a machinability rating of 20 % (VS. 100% for free-cutting brass), 110 copper is slow to machine. Use sharp tools and coolants to prevent overheating.
- Special Processes:
- Deep-drawing: Ideal for making cups or connectors (common in PCB manufacturing).
- Spinning & hydroforming: Feasible for creating curved parts like waveguide components.
- Alivio del estrés: Use heat treatment cycles (P.EJ., 200 ° C para 1 hora) to reduce internal stress after welding.
Consejo: To preventhydrogen embrittlement, avoid heating 110 copper in hydrogen-rich environments—this can cause the metal to crack.
4. Soldadura, Soldadura & Unión 110 Cobre
Unión 110 copper requires careful temperature control and the right materials. Here’s what works:
- GTAW (Tig) Soldadura: The most reliable method for 110 cobre. For thick sections (over 6mm), usar un preheat of 200–540 °C Para garantizar la fusión completa.
- Filler Metals: Usar silicon-bronze ERCuSi-A for TIG welding—it bonds well and maintains conductivity.
- Soldadura: Elegir phosphorus-deoxidized brazing alloys to avoid oxidation. A refrigeration technician might braze 110 copper tubes with these alloys for leak-free joints.
- Other Methods:
- Electron Beam Welding (EBW): Works for precision parts like vacuum chamber gaskets.
- Resistance Spot Welding: Requires high current density (10,000–15,000 A/mm²) for strong joints in automotive components.
Important: Después de soldar, pruebajoint conductivity—a drop of more than 5% IACS means the joint needs rework.
5. Surface Treatments & Coatings for 110 Cobre
Protect 110 copper from tarnish and improve its performance with these treatments:
- Tin Plating: Boosts solderability—used for PCB foil to ensure easy soldering of components.
- Silver Plating: Maintains high conductivity for RF shielding gaskets in telecom equipment.
- Nickel Underlayer: Acts as a corrosion barrier para 110 copper parts in marine environments.
- Chemical Treatments:
- Benzotriazole (BTA) Dip: Prevents oxidation—applied to coinage stock to keep it shiny.
- Electropolishing: Creates an ultra-smooth finish (Real academia de bellas artes < 0.1 µm) for vacuum chamber parts.
- Decorative Finishes: Hot black oxide is used for architectural accents like flashing to match dark building exteriors.
Ejemplo: A jewelry maker useselectropulencia en 110 copper medallions to achieve a mirror-like shine (Real academia de bellas artes < 0.1 µm).
6. Aplicaciones principales & Markets for 110 Cobre
110 copper’s mix of conductivity, formability, and compliance makes it essential in these industries:
- Eléctrico:
- Busbar & electrical conductor strips: Transmit power in factories and data centers.
- PCB foil: Connects components on circuit boards.
- Solar PV ribbon interconnects: Links solar cells in panels.
- Electrónica:
- Waveguide & RF shielding gaskets: Block interference in 5G equipment.
- Transformer & motor windings: Efficiently transfer energy.
- Construcción:
- Lightning protection cables: Safely channel lightning to the ground.
- Architectural flashing & gutters: Resist corrosion and look sleek.
- Especialidad:
- Heat-sink fins & base plates: Cool CPUs and power supplies.
- Vacuum chamber gaskets: Maintain airtight seals in scientific equipment.
- Coinage & medallion stock: Durable and easy to engrave.
Yigu Technology’s Perspective on 110 Cobre
En la tecnología yigu, we’ve seen 110 copper become a staple in our electrical component projects. ItsC11000 (ETP) designation ensures consistency across global orders, and its45–50 % IACS conductivity meets our clients’ efficiency needs. We often recommendtin-plated 110 cobre for PCB applications, as it balances solderability and cost. For clients in harsh environments, we pair 110 copper with anickel underlayer to prevent corrosion. Overall, 110 copper’s versatility makes it a reliable choice for both standard and custom projects.
FAQ About 110 Cobre
- What’s the difference between 110 cobre (C11000) and pure copper?
Pure copper has slightly higher conductivity (≈58% IACS), pero 110 cobre (C11000) is more affordable and still offers excellent performance (45–50% IACS). 110 copper also has better formability for bending and welding. - Can 110 copper be used outdoors?
Yes—with the right coating. A nickel underlayer o chromate conversion coating (Alodine) protects it from rain and humidity. Many builders use coated 110 copper for outdoor gutters and flashing. - Es 110 copper RoHS-compliant?
Most grades are, but always check the supplier’s documentation. Reputable manufacturers produce RoHS-compliant 110 cobre that meets global environmental standards (no lead, mercury, or other hazardous substances).
