Was sind die gängigen Metallmaterialien für die CNC-Bearbeitung??

CNC (Computer-Numerische Steuerung) Die Bearbeitung hängt in hohem Maße von der richtigen Auswahl der Metallmaterialien ab, um eine hohe Präzision zu erreichen, Haltbarkeit, und Leistung. Verschiedene Metalle haben einzigartige Eigenschaften, die sie für bestimmte Branchen geeignet machen – von der Luft- und Raumfahrt bis zur Elektronik, von medizinischen Geräten bis hin zur Automobilindustrie. Below is a detailed breakdown of the most common metal materials for CNC-Bearbeitung, ihre wichtigsten Eigenschaften, Anwendungen, and selection guidance.

1. Key Properties of Common CNC Machining Metals (Comparison Table)

To quickly compare core characteristics, here’s a summary of 10 widely used metals:

2. Detailed Breakdown of Common Metals (with Models & Anwendungen)

Each metal material has distinct advantages and ideal use cases. Below is a linear breakdown of their properties, popular models, und reale Anwendungen:

2.1 Aluminiumlegierung

Why choose it? It is the most widely used material in CNC machining due to its leicht (1/3 the density of steel) Und hervorragende Bearbeitbarkeit—tools stay sharp longer, and complex parts (like aircraft frames) can be produced efficiently.

Key models:

• 6061: Wärmebehandelbar, with balanced strength and weldability (used for automotive parts, Elektronikgehäuse).
• 7075: Ultrahohe Festigkeit (5x stronger than 6061) for high-stress scenarios (Luft- und Raumfahrtkomponenten, Fahrradrahmen).
• 5052: Rostbeständig, ideal for marine or chemical equipment parts.

2.2 Edelstahl

Why choose it? Es ist superior corrosion resistance makes it indispensable for harsh environments (z.B., saltwater, Chemikalien). Jedoch, its high hardness leads to fast tool wear, requiring specialized cutting tools.

Key models:

• 304: Universell einsetzbar (food machinery, Küchengeräte) due to good rust resistance.
• 316: Added molybdenum for enhanced corrosion resistance (Marineteile, medizinische Implantate).
• 17-4PH: Martensitic stainless steel that hardens with heat treatment (Ventile, Pumps).

2.3 Kohlenstoffstahl

Why choose it? It offers high strength at a low cost, making it a budget-friendly option for structural parts. The downside? It rusts easily—so surface treatments (Galvanisieren, Malerei) are a must.

Key models:

• Q235: Ordinary structural steel (Klammern, frames for industrial machines).
• 45# Stahl: High-quality carbon steel (after quenching/tempering, used for gears, Wellen).
• C45: European standard equivalent to 45# Stahl (versatile for mechanical parts).

2.4 Other Essential Metals

• Kupfer & Legierungen: Unübertroffen electrical/thermal conductivity (used for heat sinks, elektrische Steckverbinder). Popular models: T2 pure copper (Drähte), H62 brass (plumbing fittings).
• Titan & Legierungen: Der “aerospace metal”—hohe Festigkeit + leicht (used for jet engine parts, medizinische Implantate). Key model: Ti-6Al-4V (most widely used titanium alloy).
• Zinc Alloy: Niedriger Schmelzpunkt, ideal for die-casting (Spielzeug, dekorative Teile). Common model: die Belastungen 3 (good fluidity).

3. How to Select the Right Metal for CNC Machining?

Choosing the wrong material wastes time and money. Follow this 3-step guide to match your needs:

Schritt 1: Prioritize Application Requirements

• Brauchen leicht + Stärke? Choose aluminum alloy (Luft- und Raumfahrt/Automobilindustrie) or titanium alloy (high-end medical).
• Brauchen Leitfähigkeit? Kupferlegierungen (Elektronik, Kühlkörper) are unbeatable.
• Brauchen Korrosionsbeständigkeit? Edelstahl (316 for marine) or nickel-based alloys (extreme Temperaturen).

Schritt 2: Consider Machinability

• Easy-to-machine materials (Aluminium, Kupfer, Zink): Best for complex parts (z.B., 3C product casings) because they reduce tool costs and production time.
• Difficult-to-machine materials (Edelstahl, Titan): Require high-precision CNC machines and coated tools—use only for high-stress or harsh-environment parts (z.B., medizinische Implantate).

Schritt 3: Balance Cost

• Low-cost options: Carbon steel (Strukturteile), Aluminiumlegierung (general components).
• High-cost options: Titanlegierung (Luft- und Raumfahrt), nickel-based alloys (Gasturbinen)—reserve for applications where performance is non-negotiable.

4. Die Perspektive von Yigu Technology

Bei Yigu Technology, we believe the success of CNC machining starts with material selection. Over the years, we’ve supported clients in aerospace, medizinisch, and automotive industries by matching them with optimal metals—for example, using Ti-6Al-4V for lightweight medical implants and 6061 aluminum for cost-effective automotive parts. We also invest in advanced cutting tools (z.B., carbide tools for stainless steel) to overcome machinability challenges. For clients, the goal isn’t just to “machine a part”—it’s to choose a material that maximizes performance while controlling costs. We recommend starting with a clear list of application needs (Stärke, Umfeld, Budget) to narrow down options quickly.

5. FAQ (Häufig gestellte Fragen)

1. Q: Which metal is best for CNC machining complex, leichte Teile?

A: Aluminiumlegierung (z.B., 6061) is ideal—it has excellent machinability for complex shapes and is lightweight, making it perfect for electronics or automotive components.

2. Q: Do I need surface treatment for carbon steel in CNC machining?

A: Ja. Carbon steel has poor corrosion resistance, so surface treatments like electroplating (for rust protection) oder malen (für Ästhetik) are required to extend the part’s lifespan.

3. Q: Why is titanium alloy more expensive than other metals for CNC machining?

A: Titanium alloy has very high strength and corrosion resistance, but it is extremely difficult to machine—tools wear out quickly, and production takes longer. These factors (material cost + Bearbeitungszeit) drive up the overall cost.