Bei Auswahl plastic materials for manufacturing—whether for rapid prototyping, small-batch customization, or large-scale production—understanding the gaps between 3D printing plastic materials Und ordinary plastic materials ist wesentlich. This article breaks down their core differences in molding processes, structural traits, Materialeigenschaften, und Anwendungsszenarien, helping you pick the right material for your project.
1. At-a-Glance Comparison: 3D Druck vs. Ordinary Plastic Materials
To quickly grasp the biggest contrasts, start with this comprehensive table. It highlights 6 key dimensions that directly impact material performance and usability.
| Vergleichsdimension | 3D Printing Plastic Materials | Ordinary Plastic Materials |
| Molding Process | Additive Fertigung: Layer-by-layer stacking (Z.B., FDM, SLA) | Subtractive/forming manufacturing: Injektionsformung, extrusion molding |
| Structural Characteristics | Layered bonds; weaker strength in vertical (layer-thickness) direction; potential interlayer gaps | Uniform internal structure (Injektionsformung); good lengthwise continuity (Extrusion); minimal interlayer issues |
| Mechanische Eigenschaften | Lower tensile/flexural/impact strength (Z.B., PLA: ~50MPa tensile strength); improved via annealing | Höhere Stärke (Z.B., ABS: ~40MPa tensile strength, PC: ~65MPa); optimized via formula/process |
| Wärmestabilität | Poor for some types; prone to deformation/discoloration (due to repeated heating/cooling) | Variable (PC/nylon: good stability; PE film: poor stability) |
| Dimensionsgenauigkeit | ± 0,1–0,5 mm (industrial-grade); improved with high-end equipment | CT4–CT5 levels (Injektionsformung); lower for extrusion (good lengthwise stability) |
| Oberflächenqualität | Rauh (layered texture); improved via sanding/polishing | Glatt (Injektionsformung, via mold finish); Minimale Nachbearbeitung erforderlich |
2. Deep Dive Into Core Differences
Below is an in-depth analysis of the most critical differences, using a “process + trait + example” structure to connect technical details to real-world use cases.
2.1 Molding Process & Structural Characteristics: Layered Stacking vs. Uniform Forming
The way materials are shaped directly defines their internal structure:
- 3D Printing Plastic Materials: They rely on layer-by-layer accumulation. Zum Beispiel, In FDM (Modellierung der Ablagerung), PLA filament is heated to ~190–220°C, extruded through a 0.4mm nozzle, and deposited on the platform one 0.1mm-thick layer at a time. This creates a structure where layers bond externally but may have tiny gaps internally. Infolge, the material is weaker in the vertical direction—e.g., a 3D-printed plastic bracket may break when pulled vertically but hold up better when pulled horizontally.
- Ordinary Plastic Materials: Sie benutzen high-pressure forming oder Extrusion. In Injektionsformung, ABS particles are heated to ~220–260°C, injected into a mold cavity at high pressure (~50–150MPa), und abgekühlt. This forces the material to fill every mold detail, creating a uniform internal structure with regular molecular arrangement. Zum Beispiel, an injection-molded plastic toy has consistent strength in all directions—no weak vertical layers. In extrusion molding, PE is melted and pushed through a pipe-shaped die, resulting in good continuity along the pipe’s length (ideal for water pipes).
Warum ist es wichtig: 3D printing’s layered structure limits its use in load-bearing parts, while ordinary plastics’ uniform structure makes them suitable for structural components.
2.2 Materialeigenschaften: Stärke, Wärmestabilität & Präzision
How well do these materials perform under real-world conditions?
2.2.1 Mechanische Stärke: Lower Baseline vs. Optimized Performance
- 3D Printing Plastics: Their strength is inherently lower. Zum Beispiel, 3D-printed PLA has a tensile strength of ~50MPa—enough for a decorative prototype but not for a phone case that needs to withstand drops. Jedoch, post-processing like Glühen (heating to ~60–80°C for 1–2 hours) can improve interlayer bonding, boosting tensile strength by ~10–15%.
- Ordinary Plastics: Their strength is optimized for function. Engineering plastics like PC (Polycarbonat) have a tensile strength of ~65MPa—strong enough for laptop casings. ABS, used in Lego bricks, has high impact resistance—able to withstand repeated drops without breaking—thanks to its formula and injection molding process.
2.2.2 Wärmestabilität: Repeated Heating Risks vs. Material-Specific Durability
- 3D Printing Plastics: Many struggle with high temperatures. PLA, Zum Beispiel, softens at ~60°C—leaving a 3D-printed PLA cup deformed if filled with hot coffee. This is because the material undergoes multiple heating/cooling cycles during printing, weakening its thermal resistance.
- Ordinary Plastics: Stability varies by type. PC can withstand temperatures up to ~130°C—safe for microwave-safe food containers. Nylon (used in 3D printing too, but more commonly in ordinary plastics) has a melting point of ~220°C, making it suitable for engine bay components in cars. Jedoch, ordinary PE film melts at ~110°C—unsuitable for hot applications.
2.2.3 Dimensionsgenauigkeit & Oberflächenqualität: Rough vs. Refined
- 3D Printing Plastics: Accuracy depends on equipment. A consumer-grade FDM printer has ±0.3mm accuracy—fine for a prototype but not for a part that needs to fit with other components. The surface is rough (Ra ~5–10μm) due to layered stacking; sanding with 400-grit paper can smooth it to Ra ~1–2μm, but this adds time.
- Ordinary Plastics: Injection molding delivers precision. It reaches CT4–CT5 tolerance levels (± 0,05–0,1 mm)—perfect for smartphone components that need exact fits. The surface is smooth (Ra ~0.8–1.6μm) right out of the mold, thanks to the mold’s polished finish—no post-processing needed for most applications.
2.3 Anwendungsszenarien: Prototyping vs. Massenproduktion
Each material excels in specific use cases, based on their traits:
| Materialtyp | Wichtige Anwendungsszenarien |
| 3D Printing Plastic Materials | – Schnelles Prototyping: Convert digital models to physical samples in hours (Z.B., auto interior prototypes for ergonomic tests).- Small-batch customization: Make personalized parts (Z.B., medical implants tailored to a patient’s anatomy).- Komplexe Strukturen: Print parts with internal cavities/lattices (Z.B., lightweight drone frames with wiring channels). |
| Ordinary Plastic Materials | – Große Produktion: Mass-produce standardized goods (Z.B., injection-molded plastic containers, extrusion-molded water pipes).- Strukturkomponenten: Make durable parts (Z.B., PC laptop casings, ABS toy parts).- Everyday items: Manufacture low-cost products (Z.B., PE plastic bags, PP food containers). |
3. Yigu Technology’s View on 3D Printing vs. Ordinary Plastic Materials
Bei Yigu Technology, we see 3D printing and ordinary plastic materials as complementary, nicht konkurrieren. For rapid design iterations (Z.B., Testen 3 versions of a product prototype), 3D printing saves time and reduces waste. Für die Massenproduktion (Z.B., 10,000+ plastic toys), ordinary plastics via injection molding are more cost-effective and durable. We often guide clients to combine both: use 3D printing to validate designs, then switch to ordinary plastics for production. We’re also exploring modified 3D printing plastics (Z.B., reinforced PLA with glass fibers) to bridge the strength gap, making them more viable for functional parts.
4. FAQ: Common Questions About 3D Printing vs. Ordinary Plastic Materials
Q1: Can 3D printing plastic materials replace ordinary plastics for mass production?
NEIN. 3D printing is too slow (a single part takes hours) and has higher per-unit costs for large batches. Ordinary plastics via injection molding can produce 1,000+ parts per hour at lower cost—making them better for mass production.
Q2: Is 3D printing plastic always weaker than ordinary plastic?
Nicht immer. High-performance 3D printing plastics like carbon-fiber-reinforced nylon have tensile strength (~80MPa) that matches or exceeds some ordinary plastics (Z.B., ABS: ~40MPa). Jedoch, these 3D printing materials are more expensive and require specialized printers.
Q3: Can ordinary plastic materials be used for complex structures (Z.B., innere Hohlräume)?
It’s possible but costly. Ordinary plastics need custom molds for complex structures—mold costs can reach $10,000+ für komplizierte Designs. 3D printing can make these structures without molds, saving money for small batches or prototypes.