CNC Machine Tool Processing Screws: Meisterpräzision für industrielle Verbindungselemente

In industrielle Fertigung, why do 98% of high-quality screw producers rely on CNC machine tool processing screws instead of traditional manual lathes? The answer lies in CNC’s ability to solve critical pain points—like inconsistent thread dimensions, slow production cycles, and high scrap rates—that plague manual methods. This article breaks down the full workflow, Schlüsselparameter, Werkzeugauswahl, Qualitätskontrolle, and real-world applications of CNC screw processing, helping you achieve uniform, effizient, and cost-effective screw production.

What Is CNC Machine Tool Processing Screws?

CNC Machine Tool Processing Screws is an automated manufacturing process that uses Computer Numerical Control (CNC) lathes or machining centers to produce screws—critical fasteners used in machinery, Elektronik, und Konstruktion. Unlike manual processing (where operators manually adjust tool positions and cutting speeds), CNC systems follow pre-programmed G-code and M-code to control every step: from shaping the screw’s outer diameter to cutting precise threads.

Think of it as a “digital craftsman” for screws: it executes repetitive tasks with micron-level accuracy, ensuring every screw matches design specs (Z.B., Fadensteil, head shape) perfectly—even for high-volume production runs of 10,000+ Einheiten.

Full Workflow of CNC Machine Tool Processing Screws

CNC screw processing follows a linear, error-proof sequence—each step builds on the last to avoid defects. Below is the detailed workflow with actionable tips:

1. Materialvorbereitung

• Ziel: Select raw materials that match the screw’s strength and corrosion resistance needs.
• Gemeinsame Materialien:
• Kohlenstoffstahl (for general-purpose screws, Z.B., AUS 933 Bolzen).
• Edelstahl (304/316, for corrosion-resistant screws in medical/ marine applications).
• Titanlegierung (for high-strength screws in aerospace).
• Bilden: Use metal bar stock (diameter 3mm–50mm) or wire—bar stock is ideal for thick screws, while wire suits thin, kleine Schrauben.
• Tipp: Dry materials at 80°C for 2 hours if stored in humid environments—moisture causes surface rust during machining.

2. Spannen & Positionierung

• Verfahren: Secure the raw material to the CNC lathe’s spindle chuck or collet.
• Accuracy Requirement: Use a dial indicator to check runout (radial deviation) < 0.01mm—excess runout leads to uneven thread depth.
• Solution for Long Materials: For bar stock longer than 300mm, use a tailstock center to support the free end (prevents bending during rotation).

3. Werkzeugauswahl

The right tool determines thread quality and tool life. Use this table to match tools to screw types:

4. CNC -Programmierung

• Core Codes:
• G76: Thread cutting cycle (sets pitch, Tiefe, and number of passes).
• G01: Linear interpolation (moves tool to thread start position).
• M03: Spindle rotation (clockwise for right-hand threads).
• Example Program Snippet for M5×0.8mm Screw:

G00 X7 Z5; (Position tool above material)G76 P020060 Q0.005 R0.01; (Set thread quality: 2 passes, 60° angle, 0.005mm minimum cut)G76 X4.2 Z-15 P0.583 Q0.3 F0.8; (Cut thread: minor diameter 4.2mm, length 15mm, pitch 0.8mm)

• Tool for Complex Screws: Verwenden Sie CAD/CAM-Software (Z.B., Mastercam) to generate programs for screws with non-standard threads (Z.B., trapezoidal threads for lead screws).

5. Simulation & Trial Machining

• Simulation: Use the CNC system’s virtual simulation function to check for tool collisions (Z.B., tool hitting chuck) or overcuts (übermäßiger Materialabtrag).
• Trial Run: Machine 1–2 test screws first. Überprüfen:
• Thread pitch (use a thread gauge).
• Außendurchmesser (use a micrometer).
• Head flatness (use a surface plate and feeler gauge).
• Einstellung: If thread depth is 0.05mm too shallow, increase the “P” value in G76 by 0.05mm.

6. Formal Machining

• Schneidenparameter: Optimize based on material (Siehe Tabelle unten):

• Überwachung: Listen for abnormal noises (Z.B., squealing = tool wear) — replace tools if wear exceeds 0.1mm.

7. Qualitätsinspektion

• Schlüsselkennzahlen & Werkzeuge:
• Thread pitch: Thread plug gauge (for internal threads) or ring gauge (for external threads).
• Dimensionsgenauigkeit: Koordinatenmessmaschine (CMM) — tolerance ±0.02mm for critical screws.
• Oberflächenrauheit: Profilometer — Ra < 1.6 μm for visible screws; Ra < 0.8 μm for precision machinery screws.
• Sampling Rate: Überprüfen 5% of screws for small batches (100–500 Einheiten); 1% Für große Chargen (10,000+ Einheiten).

8. Nachbehandlung

• Enttäuschung: Use a nylon brush or tumbler (10 Minuten) to remove burrs on thread roots (prevents hand injury during assembly).
• Oberflächenbehandlung:
• Zinkbeschichtung (for carbon steel screws — improves corrosion resistance).
• Passivierung (for stainless steel — enhances surface oxide layer).
• Wärmebehandlung: For high-strength screws, quench and temper at 850°C (Erhöht die Zugfestigkeit um 800 MPA+).

CNC vs. Traditional Screw Processing: A Critical Comparison

Why switch to CNC? The table below highlights the gap in efficiency and quality:

Real-World Application Case: Aerospace Screw Manufacturing

• Herausforderung: An aerospace firm needed titanium alloy screws (M8×1.25mm) mit:
• Tensile strength > 900 MPA.
• Thread tolerance class 4h (strict for aircraft engine mounting).
• Corrosion resistance to jet fuel.
• CNC Solution:

1. Material: Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V bar stock (diameter 10mm).
2. Werkzeuge: Carbide threading inserts (16IR 1.25 ISO) mit TiAlN-Beschichtung (resists high heat).
3. Parameter: Schnittgeschwindigkeit 60 m/my, feed rate 0.1mm/rev, 8 thread passes.
4. Nachbehandlung: Passivierung + Wärmebehandlung (900° C löschen).

• Ergebnis:
• Schrottrate fiel ab 15% (traditionell) Zu 0.8%.
• Production time per 1000 screws cut from 83 Stunden bis 20 Std..
• All screws passed aerospace industry testing (ASTM F568M standard).

Perspektive der Yigu -Technologie

Bei Yigu Technology, Wir sehen CNC machine tool processing screws as the foundation of reliable industrial fastening. Our CNC lathes (YG-2000 series) are optimized for screw production: they have auto-tool change systems (cut tool change time by 60%) and real-time thread quality monitoring (alerts for pitch deviations > 0.003mm). We’ve helped automotive clients cut screw production costs by 35% and aerospace firms achieve 4h thread tolerance consistently. As demand for micro-screws (M1–M3) grows, we’re integrating high-precision spindles (runout < 0.005mm) to support next-gen electronics manufacturing.

FAQ

1. Q: What’s the minimum screw size CNC machines can process?

A: Our standard CNC lathes handle screws as small as M1×0.25mm (diameter 1mm, pitch 0.25mm). For micro-screws (M0.5×0.1mm), we offer custom machines with ultra-fine collets (0.5mm Durchmesser) and high-frequency spindles (40,000 Drehzahl).

2. Q: How to reduce tool wear when processing stainless steel screws?

A: Use tools with TiAlN or diamond coatings (increase wear resistance by 2x). Auch, apply cutting fluid (water-soluble for 304 Stahl) to reduce friction—fluid flow rate should be > 5 L/min.

3. Q: Can CNC process both metric and imperial screws?

A: Ja! Our CNC systems support both metric (ISO) and imperial (UNC/UNF) thread standards. Just input the thread pitch (Z.B., 0.8mm for metric M5, 0.0315” for imperial #10-32) in the G76 cycle—no hardware changes needed.