10 Hochfeste 3D-Druckmaterialien: Ein Leitfaden für Ingenieure und Einkäufer

Wenn es um 3D-Druck geht, Festigkeit und Haltbarkeit sind bei vielen Projekten entscheidende Faktoren – ganz gleich, ob es sich um die Herstellung von Automobilteilen handelt, Luft- und Raumfahrtkomponenten, oder Industriewerkzeuge. Nicht alle 3D-Druckmaterialien sind für hohe Belastungen ausgelegt, hohe Temperaturen, oder aggressive Chemikalien. Aus diesem Grund haben wir diesen Leitfaden zusammengestellt 10 high-strength 3D printing materials from industry leader Xometry. Each material is broken down by key features, 3D-Drucktechnologie, reale Anwendungen, and performance data to help you make the right choice for your next project.

What Makes a 3D Printing Material “High-Strength”?

Before diving into the materials, let’s clarify what “high-strength” really means for 3D printing. A high-strength material (or parts made from it) must excel in several core areas:

• Zugfestigkeit: The ability to resist breaking when pulled.
• Compressive strength: The ability to hold up under pressure.
• Shear strength: The ability to resist sliding or tearing.
• Schlagfestigkeit: The ability to absorb force without shattering.
• Environmental resistance: Tolerance to heat, Chemikalien, or harsh weather.

Keep in mind, a part’s final strength isn’t just about the material. It also depends on 3D printing design (z.B., Schichthaftung), Nachbearbeitung (z.B., Wärmebehandlung), Und print settings (z.B., nozzle temperature). Zum Beispiel, a well-designed part with a lower-strength material might outperform a poorly designed part with a high-strength material.

The Top 10 Hochfeste 3D-Druckmaterialien

Below are 10 high-performance materials that stand out for their strength, Vielseitigkeit, and real-world usability. Each entry includes key specs, compatible technologies, and practical examples to show how they’re used.

1. PA12 Carbon-Filled Nylon

What it is: PA12 nylon resin mixed with 35% chopped carbon fiber by weight—this blend boosts structural strength while keeping parts lightweight.

Key strengths: It’s widely recognized as the FDM material with the highest strength-to-weight ratio, making it a great metal alternative in some cases. It also offers good hardness and design flexibility, perfect for prototyping.

3D-Drucktechnologie: FDM (Modellierung der Schmelzablagerung)

Real-world applications:

• Automobil: Drill dies and press-fit inserts.
• Industriell: Fixtures and drill guides.
• Entertainment: Custom props or mechanical components.

Zugfestigkeit: 76 MPa (per Xometry’s quotation engine).

2. Polycarbonat (PC)

What it is: A ductile, amorphous plastic known for its tough, shatter-resistant properties.

Key strengths: Außergewöhnlich Schlagfestigkeit, wide operating temperature range, and excellent electrical insulation. It can be mixed with flame retardants without losing quality, and its thermal deformation temperature hits 140°C.

3D-Drucktechnologie: FDM

Real-world applications:

• Safety gear: Helmet shells (resists impacts during accidents).
• Automobil: Headlamp lenses (handles heat and weather).
• Medizinisch: Equipment housings (needs durability and electrical safety).

Zugfestigkeit: 60 MPa.

3. Edelstahl 17.4 / 1.4542

What it is: A chromium-nickel-copper stainless steel—one of the strongest metals for 3D printing.

Key strengths: Boasts ultra-high Zugfestigkeit (1070 N/mm²) and excellent toughness. It’s corrosion-resistant and can be heat-treated to adjust hardness or flexibility.

3D printing technologies: DMLS (Direktes Lasersintern von Metallen), bond molding, SLM (Selektives Laserschmelzen)

Real-world applications:

• Luft- und Raumfahrt: Turbine blades and shafts (need strength at high altitudes).
• High-tech industry: Gears and dies (handle repeated stress).

Zugfestigkeit: 1103 MPa (the highest on this list for metals).

4. ULTEM 1010

What it is: A high-performance polyetherimide (PEI) thermoplastic—often called the strongest FDM material available.

Key strengths: Unübertroffen Hitzebeständigkeit and chemical resistance among FDM plastics. It has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion (so parts don’t warp) and is food-contact safe (biokompatibel). Available in clear, undurchsichtig, or glass-filled grades.

3D-Drucktechnologie: FDM

Real-world applications:

• Food industry: Custom molds for candy or baked goods (needs food safety).
• Medizinisch: Chirurgische Werkzeuge (requires biocompatibility and sterility).
• Industriell: Heat-resistant tooling (handles high temperatures during manufacturing).

Zugfestigkeit: 105 MPa.

5. SPÄHEN

What it is: A high-performance thermoplastic with industrial-grade durability.

Key strengths: Resists harsh chemicals (like oils and solvents) and maintains hardness at high temperatures—can be used continuously at 170°C. It also has great Ermüdungsbeständigkeit (handles repeated use) and stress cracking resistance.

3D-Drucktechnologie: FDM

Real-world applications:

• Oil and gas: Seals and valves (resist corrosive fluids).
• Luft- und Raumfahrt: Leichte Strukturteile (need high strength and heat tolerance).
• Semiconductor production: Precision components (require chemical resistance).

Zugfestigkeit: 110 MPa.

6. ULTEM 9085

What it is: A lighter, flame-retardant cousin of ULTEM 1010—optimized for weight-sensitive projects.

Key strengths: Hoch Verhältnis von Festigkeit zu Gewicht and good impact resistance. It’s flame-retardant (critical for aerospace) and performs similarly to 6.68 Nylon (9800).

3D-Drucktechnologie: FDM

Real-world applications:

• Luft- und Raumfahrt: Prototype parts for planes (need flame resistance and light weight).
• Automobil: Fixtures and composite molds (handle manufacturing stress).

Zugfestigkeit: 70 MPa.

7. AlSiMg Aluminum / IN 1706: 1998

What it is: A high-strength aluminum alloy designed for high-temperature use.

Key strengths: Maintains strength at 200°C, has excellent corrosion resistance, and is easy to polish. It’s also weldable, making post-processing simple.

3D-Drucktechnologie: SLM

Real-world applications:

• Automobil: Motorkomponenten (handle heat and vibration).
• Luft- und Raumfahrt: Leichte Halterungen (need strength without extra weight).

Zugfestigkeit: 230–290 MPa; Dauerfestigkeit: 110 N/mm².

8. 316L Stainless Steel / 1.4404

What it is: A low-carbon, chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel—ideal for corrosive environments.

Key strengths: Exzellent Korrosionsbeständigkeit in chlorine-based media (like saltwater) and non-oxidizing acids. It has a melting point of 1400°C and the smoothest surface finish of all 3D-printed metals.

3D-Drucktechnologie: SLM

Real-world applications:

• Essen & Getränk: Equipment parts (need hygiene and corrosion resistance).
• Pharmazeutisch: Lab tools (require chemical safety and sterility).
• Industriell: Heat exchangers and bolts (handle harsh fluids).

Zugfestigkeit: 490–690 MPa.

9. Glass-Filled ULTEM 1010

What it is: ULTEM 1010 reinforced with glass fibers—adds extra stiffness without losing heat resistance.

Key strengths: Builds on ULTEM 1010’s core benefits (Hitze, chemische Beständigkeit) with improved Dimensionsstabilität (parts stay true to size) and stiffness. Still food-contact safe and biocompatible.

3D-Drucktechnologie: FDM

Real-world applications:

• Medizinisch: Custom instrument handles (need stiffness and sterility).
• Industriell: Precision tooling (requires consistent sizing).

Zugfestigkeit: ~115 MPa (slightly higher than standard ULTEM 1010).

10. Kohlenstoffgefülltes PEEK

What it is: PEEK mixed with carbon fiber—boosts strength and reduces weight for high-stress applications.

Key strengths: Combines PEEK’s chemical and heat resistance with carbon fiber’s Zugfestigkeit und Steifigkeit. Perfect for parts that need to be both strong and lightweight.

3D-Drucktechnologie: FDM

Real-world applications:

• Luft- und Raumfahrt: Strukturelle Halterungen (need strength and light weight).
• Oil and gas: High-pressure valve components (resist chemicals and stress).

Zugfestigkeit: ~130 MPa (higher than standard PEEK).

Comparison Table: Zugfestigkeit & Key Specs

To make it easy to compare, here’s a table of the 10 materials’ critical specs—based on Xometry’s data and industry standards:

Yigu Technology’s Perspective on High-Strength 3D Printing Materials

Bei Yigu Technology, we’ve seen firsthand how the right high-strength 3D printing material transforms projects—from cutting production time for automotive parts to enabling lighter, safer aerospace components. We recommend matching materials to your project’s “pain points”: wenn das Gewicht entscheidend ist, choose AlSiMg Aluminum or Carbon-Filled PEEK; if corrosion is a risk, 316L Stainless Steel is unbeatable; for food/medical use, ULTEM 1010 checks all boxes. Partnering with suppliers like Xometry ensures access to these top-tier materials, but we also emphasize testing—even the strongest material needs proper design to perform. Our team helps clients select, prüfen, and optimize high-strength materials for real-world success.

FAQ: Common Questions About High-Strength 3D Printing Materials

1. Can high-strength 3D printed parts replace metal parts entirely?

It depends on the application. Materials like PA12 Carbon-Filled Nylon or Carbon-Filled PEEK can replace metal for lightweight, low-to-medium stress parts (z.B., Vorrichtungen, Prototypen). But for ultra-high stress (z.B., Turbinenschaufeln für die Luft- und Raumfahrt), metals like Stainless Steel 17.4 are still necessary.

2. Which high-strength material is best for food-contact applications?

ULTEM 1010 (and its glass-filled variant) is the top choice—it’s food-contact safe (entspricht den FDA-Standards), biokompatibel, und hitzebeständig. It’s used for custom molds, food processing tools, and even packaging components.

3. Do high-strength 3D printing materials require special post-processing?

Some do. Zum Beispiel, Edelstahl 17.4 often needs heat treatment to adjust hardness, while AlSiMg Aluminum may require polishing for a smooth finish. FDM plastics like PEEK or ULTEM may need annealing (Wärmebehandlung) to reduce internal stress and boost strength. Always check the material’s guidelines for post-processing steps.