AISI 310S Stainless Steel: A Complete Guide to Properties, التصنيع & يستخدم

AISI 310S stainless steel is a low-carbon austenitic alloy built for extreme high temperatures and harsh corrosive environments. As a310S low-carbon grade, it avoids intergranular corrosion while delivering unmatched heat resistance—making it a top choice for furnaces, petrochemical plants, and power generation. هذا الدليل يكسر كل ما تحتاج إلى معرفته, from its core specs to real-world applications, to help you make informed material decisions.

1. نظرة عامة على المواد & المواصفات الرئيسية

Understanding AISI 310S’s composition and standards is the foundation of using it effectively. فيما يلي انهيار واضح لخصائصه الأساسية.

التكوين الكيميائي & المعايير

الAISI 310S composition is defined by high chromium (24–26%) and nickel (19–22%) content—these elements create a protective oxide layer that boosts heat and corrosion resistance. It has a low carbon content (≤0.08 ٪), which prevents sensitization. لا يوجد واحد310S chemical formula; بدلاً من, يلتزم بالمعايير العالمية:

• 310S UNS S31008 (نظام ترقيم موحد)
• 310S ASTM A240 / 310S ASME SA-240 (للوحات, أوراق, وشرائط)
• 310S EN 1.4845 مقابل (المعيار الأوروبي لمطابقة الأداء)

بدني & الخصائص الميكانيكية

AISI 310S delivers reliable strength and stability even at high temperatures. يتم تنظيم المقاييس الرئيسية في الجدول أدناه:

A German furnace manufacturer uses310S ASTM A240 plates for furnace muffles—they rely on the 520 MPa tensile strength to withstand 1050 °C heat without warping.

2. خصائص درجات الحرارة العالية & مقاومة الأكسدة

AISI 310S’s greatest strength is its performance under extreme heat. It outperforms most stainless steels in long-term high-temperature service.

سمات حرجة عالية الحرارة

• مقاومة الأكسدة: It resists rust and scaling up to 1100 درجة مئوية-310S oxidation resistance up to 1100 درجة مئوية makes it ideal for radiant tubes and burner tips. Even in repeated heating/cooling cycles, 310S cyclic oxidation performance remains strong (no peeling of the oxide layer).
• حدود الخدمة: ال 310S continuous service limit يكون 1040 درجة مئوية (للاستخدام بدون توقف), و 310S intermittent service limit (رشقات حرارية قصيرة) يكون 1150 °C—higher than most austenitic alloys.
• قوة زحف: ال 310S 1000-hour creep strength is ~65 MPa at 850 درجة مئوية, وهذا يعني أنه لن يتشوه بسهولة تحت الضغط على المدى الطويل. لمهام أقصر, 310S short-time tensile at 1000 درجة مئوية is ~120 MPa.
• Thermal Shock Resistance: 310S thermal shock resistance is excellent—it handles rapid temperature changes (على سبيل المثال, من 1000 °C to room temperature) دون تكسير.

دراسة حالة: الولايات المتحدة. petrochemical plant installed310S petrochemical reformer tubes (تعمل في 950 درجة مئوية). بعد 12 سنين, the tubes showed no oxidation or creep, إنقاذ النبات $180,000 في تكاليف الاستبدال.

3. مقاومة التآكل & الأداء البيئي

AISI 310S’s high chromium-nickel content makes it resistant to a wide range of corrosive environments—beyond just high heat.

سمات مقاومة للتآكل الرئيسية

• High-Temperature Corrosion: It resists 310S sulfidation resistance (common in refineries with sulfur-rich gases), 310S carburization resistance (in carbon-rich furnace atmospheres), و 310S nitridation resistance (in ammonia plants).
• General Corrosion: It handles 310S corrosion in hydrogen atmospheres (ideal for reformers) و 310S oxidation in humid air (no rust in coastal or industrial areas).
• 310S vs 309S corrosion comparison: 310S has higher nickel (19–22% vs. 309S’s 12–15%), so it resists higher temperatures and harsher chemicals. 309S is more cost-effective for 1000 °C and below, but 310S is better for extreme conditions.
• التآكل بين الحبيبية: As a low-carbon alloy, it offers 310S intergranular corrosion prevention—no sensitization even after welding, unlike high-carbon 310.

A Saudi Arabian refinery switched from 309S to 310S for heat exchanger tubes—310S sulfidation resistance eliminated tube leaks, cutting maintenance downtime by 70%.

4. المعالجة الحرارية & السيطرة على البنية المجهرية

Proper heat treatment ensures AISI 310S maintains its strength, مقاومة التآكل, and microstructure stability.

عمليات معالجة الحرارة الأساسية

• الحل الصلب: Heat to 1040-1100 درجة مئوية, امسك لمدة 30-60 دقيقة, ثم quenced الماء. This dissolves unwanted carbides and restores a uniform austenitic structure—critical for 310S carbide precipitation avoidance.
• العمل الساخن: يستخدم 1150-900 درجة مئوية as the 310S hot working range for forging or rolling. This keeps the material ductile and avoids cracking during fabrication.
• تخفيف الإجهاد المتبقي: تسخين إلى 450-600 درجة مئوية لتقليل الضغوط من اللحام أو التشكيل. هذا 310S residual stress relief anneal doesn’t affect the alloy’s corrosion or heat resistance.

اعتبارات أخرى

• تجنب التوعية: Its low carbon content means there’s no critical 310S sensitization temperature range—unlike alloys with higher carbon (على سبيل المثال, 310).
• مخاطر مرحلة سيجما: 310S sigma phase formation kinetics is slow, but avoid prolonged heating at 600–800 °C (يمكن أن تجعل المادة هشة).
• العمل البارد: 310S cold working limitations are minimal—it can be bent or stamped, but excessive cold working may reduce ductility (anneal after heavy forming to restore properties).

5. اللحام, التصنيع & إرشادات الآلات

Welding and machining AISI 310S require simple adjustments to preserve its high-temperature and corrosion properties.

نصائح اللحام

• حشو المعدن: يستخدم 310S filler metal ER310 (matching composition) to ensure the weld has the same heat and corrosion resistance as the base metal. Avoid lower-nickel fillers (على سبيل المثال, ER309) for high-temperature applications.
• سخن & PWHT: 310S preheat temperature is typically not required for thicknesses up to 25 مم. 310S post-weld heat treatment is optional—only needed for thick parts (زيادة 25 مم) لتخفيف التوتر المتبقي.
• قابلية اللحام: 310S weldability rating is “excellent”—it has strong 310S hot cracking resistance and works well for 310S dissimilar welding to carbon steel (على سبيل المثال, in boiler piping transitions).

الآلات & تشكيل

• سرعات & تغذية: 310S machining speeds and feeds should be 10–15% lower than carbon steel. على سبيل المثال, use 60–80 m/min speed with 310S tool life with coated carbide (TiAlN coatings last 2x longer than uncoated tools).
• تشكيل: 310S forming and bending limits are good—it can be deep-drawn into parts like 310S thermal processing trays or rolled into tubes. يستخدم 310S distortion control techniques (على سبيل المثال, التثبيت أثناء اللحام, التبريد البطيء) to keep parts true to size.

6. نماذج المنتج, الأحجام & الموردين

AISI 310S is available in a wide range of forms to fit nearly any high-temperature or corrosive project.

أشكال المنتج المشتركة

• لوحات & أوراق: 310S stainless steel plate thicknesses تتراوح من 3 مم ل 200 مم (ideal for furnace liners); 310S sheet gauge chart includes 16 كَيّل (1.5 مم) ل 1/2 بوصة (12.7 مم) for smaller parts.
• الأنابيب & الأنابيب: 310S seamless pipe ASTM A312 (for high-pressure, high-heat piping) و 310S welded tube dimensions (for low-pressure applications like exhausts).
• الحانات & التركيبات: 310S round bar stock (10 مم ل 300 قطر مم), 310S angle iron sizes (20×20 مم إلى 100×100 مم), و 310S refractory anchors (for securing furnace linings).
• أشكال التخصص: 310S coil slit widths (10 مم ل 1250 مم), 310S flat bar tolerances (± 0.1 مم), 310S custom forgings (على سبيل المثال, burner tips), و 310S perforated sheet patterns (for filtration in high-heat systems).

نصائح سلسلة التوريد

Work with global suppliers who stock310S seamless pipe ASTM A312 و310S custom forgings—these specialty forms can have long lead times. للمشاريع العاجلة, prioritize suppliers with local inventory of common sizes (على سبيل المثال, 6 mm–20 mm plates).

7. تطبيقات الصناعة & دراسات الحالة

AISI 310S’s versatility makes it a top choice for industries needing extreme heat and corrosion resistance. Here are key use cases:

• Furnace & المعالجة الحرارية: 310S furnace muffles (enclose heated parts), 310S radiant tubes (transfer heat in furnaces), 310S heat treatment fixtures (hold parts during annealing), و 310S annealing boxes (retain heat).
• البتروكيماويات & قوة: 310S petrochemical reformer tubes, 310S power plant boiler baffles (direct steam flow), و 310S kiln linings (for cement or ceramic kilns).
• السيارات & صناعي: 310S automotive exhaust manifolds (for high-performance engines) و 310S thermal processing trays (carry parts through ovens).

مثال حقيقي: A Chinese solar thermal plant used310S seamless pipe ASTM A312 for molten salt piping (تعمل في 565 درجة مئوية). The pipes showed no corrosion or scaling after 5 سنين, outperforming the previously used 304L pipes.

منظور Yigu Technology

في Yigu Technology, we recommend AISI 310S for clients needing extreme high-temperature and corrosion resistance. نحن المصدر310S ASTM A240 لوحات و310S seamless pipe ASTM A312 من المصانع المعتمدة, ضمان الامتثال لمعايير ASME/EN. For petrochemical and furnace clients, نحن نعطي الأولوية310S sulfidation resistance ومقاومة الأكسدة حتى 1100 درجة مئوية الاختبار. Our team advises on welding (استخدامER310 filler) to avoid post-weld weaknesses. For projects above 1000 درجة مئوية, AISI 310S is the most reliable, اختيار فعال من حيث التكلفة.

التعليمات

1. ما الفرق بين AISI 310 and 310S?
   310S is a 310S low-carbon grade (≤0.08% carbon), بينما 310 has higher carbon (0.15% الأعلى). 310S offers 310S intergranular corrosion prevention (no sensitization after welding), making it better for corrosive environments. 310 has slightly higher strength but is prone to intergranular corrosion.
2. Can AISI 310S be used in seawater?
   Yes—its high chromium content resists 310S oxidation in humid air and mild seawater spray (على سبيل المثال, coastal power plants). لكن, 316L or 2205 duplex steel are better for fully submerged parts (more molybdenum resists pitting from saltwater).
3. Do I need preheat for welding AISI 310S?
   لا-310S preheat temperature is not required for thicknesses up to 25 مم. لأجزاء أكثر سمكا (>25 mm), a 100–150 °C preheat reduces cracking risk. Always use 310S filler metal ER310 to match the base metal’s properties—lower-nickel fillers will reduce heat resistance.